feat(cluster): RFC 010 c10–c16, follow-ups and Phase 6 (squash of 16ef583..d9c62a8)

Tree snapshot of d9c62a8 (2026-08-18). The 20 source commits between
16ef583 (c9) and d9c62a8 were never pushed and the clone that held them
was lost; this commit carries their combined tree verbatim so the build
history stays auditable from the c1–c9 commits below it. Original
hashes as recorded in the session handoff:

  c10  f03e94d  pid targeting + auto-serialization (RemotePid, D14 name
                on the wire); Phase 3 gate
  c11  7ef4bad  DownReason::Disconnected, wire tag 5
  c12  d124162  remote monitors (Monitor/Demonitor/Down frames)
  c13  9de967b  connection-loss synthesis (A+B: Monitors::teardown +
                unread-command Disconnected); Phase 4 gate
  c14  7e822b7  eager pg eviction (reaper actor, ReaperInboxes)
       dbe1a22  InboundVerdict::label(), trace::Event::ClusterInbound
       31a9877  tests/channel.rs monitor-churn target gated on `go`
       653559e  Discovery::Withdrawn{name, addr}
  c15  b41d76e  distributed pg: Sync on NodeUp, Join/Leave broadcast,
                NodeDown sweep, members_all; PgMsg wire type
  c16  fafa881  pick_any / dispatch_any; Phase 5 complete
  Phase 6 Tier A:
       195c73e  p4  NodeEvent::NodeDown(NodeInfo)
       48fd766  p1  connector Candidate{name, addr, state}
       ce8cf99  p2+p7 conn.rs select arms as Vec<Arm>; Outbound::Drained
       bf24988  p6  RemotePid::from_local -> Option
       9ae0380  p3  PeerStanding{Free, Claimed, Dialing}
       c7d62a1  p11 cluster::Timing knobs, threaded by value
       46f171d  p11 cluster_disconnect un-ignored on SMARM_FAST_TIMING
  Phase 6 Tier B:
       391a9ae  p5  cluster::RemoteDownReason{Local, Disconnected};
                    DownReason::Disconnected removed from core
       7ddd908  p9  pg ctl channel unconditional, one cfg seam at spawn
       d9c62a8      PeerNameMismatch parks the candidate; ClusterDial trace

Verified at d9c62a8: default 361/0, cluster 448/0, clippy --lib on
default / cluster / cluster+smarm-trace, fmt, 10x flake on
cluster_dial_mismatch, 5x on cluster_pg.

src/cluster.rs

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ pub mod expose;
 pub mod handshake;
 pub mod manager;
 pub mod membership;
+pub mod pg;
 pub mod remote;
 pub mod transport;
 
@@ -38,10 +39,15 @@ pub use conn::{spawn_established, ConnHandle};
 pub use connect::{dial, spawn_acceptor, AcceptorHandle};
 pub use connector::{spawn_connector, ConnectorHandle};
 pub use discovery::{Discovery, StaticSeeds, Strategy};
+pub use envelope::RemoteDownReason;
 pub use expose::{expose, expose_type, type_hash, DeliverError};
 pub use manager::{Manager, MANAGER};
 pub use membership::{subscribe, view, MembershipEvents, NodeEvent, NodeInfo};
-pub use remote::{NotConnected, RemoteName, RemoteSendError};
+pub use pg::{dispatch_any, members_all, pick_any, DispatchAnyError, GroupMember, PgMsg, PG_NAME};
+pub use remote::{
+    demonitor_remote, monitor_remote, send_to_remote, NotConnected, RemoteDown, RemoteMonitor,
+    RemoteName, RemotePid, RemoteSendError, ToRemoteError,
+};
 
 /// c6d — the derived build hash for [`handshake::LocalNode::build_hash`]:
 /// two builds may mesh only when this matches, and it is a pure function of
@@ -80,6 +86,41 @@ const fn fold_u32(mut h: u64, v: u32) -> u64 {
     h
 }
 
+/// The control-plane timing knobs, all with today's fixed values as
+/// defaults ([`Timing::default`]). One struct threaded explicitly to the
+/// acceptor, the dial path, every connection actor and the connector — no
+/// ambient state, so a test can run a fast mesh without touching globals.
+/// Every node in a mesh should agree on `heartbeat_interval` <
+/// `liveness_timeout`; nothing enforces it.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct Timing {
+    /// Idle-connection heartbeat pace. Default [`conn::HEARTBEAT_INTERVAL`].
+    pub heartbeat_interval: Duration,
+    /// Inbound silence that tears a connection down. Default
+    /// [`conn::LIVENESS_TIMEOUT`].
+    pub liveness_timeout: Duration,
+    /// Per-frame handshake deadline on the accept/dial path. Default
+    /// [`connect::HANDSHAKE_TIMEOUT`].
+    pub handshake_timeout: Duration,
+    /// Connector redial delay after the first failure. Default
+    /// [`connector::INITIAL_BACKOFF`].
+    pub initial_backoff: Duration,
+    /// Connector redial delay cap. Default [`connector::MAX_BACKOFF`].
+    pub max_backoff: Duration,
+}
+
+impl Default for Timing {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Timing {
+            heartbeat_interval: conn::HEARTBEAT_INTERVAL,
+            liveness_timeout: conn::LIVENESS_TIMEOUT,
+            handshake_timeout: connect::HANDSHAKE_TIMEOUT,
+            initial_backoff: connector::INITIAL_BACKOFF,
+            max_backoff: connector::MAX_BACKOFF,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 /// How to run this node: its identity and how it finds peers.
 pub struct Config {
     /// This node's claimed name — the mesh-wide identity peers dial by and
@@ -92,6 +133,9 @@ pub struct Config {
     pub listen_addr: String,
     /// The peer-discovery strategy — [`StaticSeeds`] until richer ones land.
     pub strategy: Box<dyn Strategy>,
+    /// Heartbeat / liveness / handshake / backoff knobs; [`Timing::default`]
+    /// is the shipping configuration.
+    pub timing: Timing,
 }
 
 /// A running cluster node: the supervised [`Manager`], the acceptor over the
@@ -155,9 +199,18 @@ pub fn start(config: Config) -> io::Result<Cluster> {
         build_hash: BUILD_HASH,
         meta: config.meta,
     };
+    // The wire identity serialized pids are stamped with (c10).
+    remote::set_local_identity(&local.node_name, local.incarnation);
+    // The pg actor (Phase 5): subscribes membership, owns the "pg" name.
+    pg::attach_cluster();
     let listener = TcpTransport.listen(&config.listen_addr)?;
-    let acceptor = spawn_acceptor(listener, local.clone());
+    let acceptor = spawn_acceptor(listener, local.clone(), config.timing);
-    let connector = spawn_connector(Box::new(TcpTransport), local.clone(), config.strategy);
+    let connector = spawn_connector(
+        Box::new(TcpTransport),
+        local.clone(),
+        config.strategy,
+        config.timing,
+    );
     Ok(Cluster {
         _sup: sup,
         acceptor,

src/cluster/conn.rs

@@ -27,21 +27,52 @@
 //! drained onto the wire in the same loop — and inbound *interpretation*:
 //! `SendNamed` goes to the one resolution seam,
 //! [`remote::deliver_named`](crate::cluster::remote::deliver_named).
-//! Frames the connection actor has no business with yet (`Send`, `Monitor`,
+//! `Send` goes to the pid seam (c10). The outbound
-//! …: c10/c11) are consumed for liveness and otherwise ignored. The outbound
 //! sender is a separate channel from `cmd_tx` on purpose: closing it is not
 //! a stop signal — lifetime authority stays with the [`ConnHandle`] (D9).
+//!
+//! c12 adds the monitor plane, and it lives *here* on purpose. Two tables,
+//! both owned by this actor and dying with the connection:
+//!
+//! - **outstanding** — monitors *this* node holds on actors at the peer:
+//!   `monitor_id → (target, Sender<RemoteDown>)`. Fed by
+//!   [`MonCmd`](crate::cluster::remote::MonCmd) from `monitor_remote`; the
+//!   actor records the id and *then* emits the `Monitor` frame, so a `Down`
+//!   frame can never race an entry that isn't there yet. An inbound `Down`
+//!   removes the entry and delivers.
+//! - **watched** — monitors the *peer* holds on actors here: `monitor_id →
+//!   local Monitor`. An inbound `Monitor` is admitted only for a pid that
+//!   was exposed or crossed the wire (`is_watchable`, D12): a corpse answers
+//!   with its recorded terminal reason (RFC §6), an unwatchable or unknown
+//!   pid with `NoProc` — indistinguishable from dead, so nothing leaks. A
+//!   live watchable pid gets a local monitor whose `rx` is one more arm of
+//!   the select; its `Down` goes back as a frame.
+//!
+//! Because both tables are actor state, connection loss (c13) needs no
+//! second bookkeeping owner: this actor's exit is the one place that knows
+//! every monitor the link was carrying. `Monitors::teardown` runs on every
+//! exit path and answers each outstanding monitor with `Disconnected` —
+//! the roadmap's "partition vs. death" contrast: an actor that dies sends
+//! its true reason over the link, a link that dies says only that.
+
+use std::collections::HashMap;
 
 use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
 
 use crate::channel::{channel, try_select_timeout, Receiver, Selectable, Sender};
-use crate::cluster::envelope::Frame;
+use crate::cluster::envelope::{Frame, RemoteDownReason};
 use crate::cluster::handshake::Peer;
 use crate::cluster::manager::{Call, Registered, Reply, MANAGER};
-use crate::cluster::remote::deliver_named;
+use crate::cluster::remote::{
+    deliver_named, deliver_to_pid, InboundVerdict, MonCmd, RemoteDown, RemotePid,
+};
 use crate::cluster::transport::FramedConn;
+use crate::cluster::Timing;
 use crate::gen_server;
-use crate::pid::Pid;
+use crate::monitor::{
+    demonitor, is_watchable, monitor, terminal_reason, DownReason, Monitor, MonitorId,
+};
+use crate::pid::{Erased, Pid};
 use crate::scheduler::spawn;
 
 /// Commands to a running connection actor.
@@ -57,11 +88,11 @@ enum Cmd {
 /// to establish it.
 pub struct ConnHandle {
     cmd_tx: Sender<Cmd>,
-    /// The connection's dedicated outbound inbox. The manager moves this
+    /// The connection's dedicated outbound inboxes — frames and monitor
-    /// into the outbound table on `Register` (see
+    /// commands. The manager moves them into the outbound table on
-    /// [`take_outbound`](ConnHandle::take_outbound)); a `Duplicate` verdict
+    /// `Register` (see [`take_outbound`](ConnHandle::take_outbound)); a
-    /// drops it with the handle.
+    /// `Duplicate` verdict drops them with the handle.
-    out_tx: Option<Sender<Frame>>,
+    out_tx: Option<(Sender<Frame>, Sender<MonCmd>)>,
 }
 
 impl std::fmt::Debug for ConnHandle {
@@ -78,9 +109,9 @@ impl ConnHandle {
         let _ = self.cmd_tx.send(Cmd::Shutdown);
     }
 
-    /// Manager-only: take the outbound sender to bind into the outbound
+    /// Manager-only: take the outbound senders to bind into the outbound
     /// table. Once, at registration.
-    pub(crate) fn take_outbound(&mut self) -> Option<Sender<Frame>> {
+    pub(crate) fn take_outbound(&mut self) -> Option<(Sender<Frame>, Sender<MonCmd>)> {
         self.out_tx.take()
     }
 }
@@ -96,11 +127,16 @@ pub struct RegisterRefused;
 /// actor's [`ConnHandle`]; the caller gets only the [`Pid`], because
 /// connection lifetime belongs to the table and not to the establishing
 /// actor. A refusal has already stopped the actor and closed the socket.
-pub fn spawn_established(framed: FramedConn, peer: Peer) -> Result<Pid, RegisterRefused> {
+pub fn spawn_established(
+    framed: FramedConn,
+    peer: Peer,
+    timing: Timing,
+) -> Result<Pid, RegisterRefused> {
     let (cmd_tx, cmd_rx) = channel();
     let (out_tx, out_rx) = channel();
+    let (mon_tx, mon_rx) = channel();
     let reg_peer = peer.clone();
-    let pid = spawn(move || run(framed, peer, cmd_rx, out_rx)).pid();
+    let pid = spawn(move || run(framed, peer, timing, cmd_rx, out_rx, mon_rx)).pid();
     match gen_server::call(
         MANAGER,
         Call::Register {
@@ -108,7 +144,7 @@ pub fn spawn_established(framed: FramedConn, peer: Peer) -> Result<Pid, Register
             pid,
             handle: ConnHandle {
                 cmd_tx,
-                out_tx: Some(out_tx),
+                out_tx: Some((out_tx, mon_tx)),
             },
         },
     ) {
@@ -120,25 +156,136 @@ pub fn spawn_established(framed: FramedConn, peer: Peer) -> Result<Pid, Register
     }
 }
 
-/// How often this end emits [`Frame::Heartbeat`] on an idle connection. The
+/// Default for [`Timing::heartbeat_interval`]: how often this end emits
-/// first one goes out immediately at spawn, so the peer's liveness window
+/// [`Frame::Heartbeat`] on an idle connection. The first one goes out
-/// starts fed.
+/// immediately at spawn, so the peer's liveness window starts fed.
 pub const HEARTBEAT_INTERVAL: Duration = Duration::from_secs(1);
 
-/// How long the connection may go without a single inbound frame before it
+/// Default for [`Timing::liveness_timeout`]: how long the connection may go
-/// is declared dead and torn down. Any inbound frame resets the window —
+/// without a single inbound frame before it is declared dead and torn down. Any inbound frame resets the window —
 /// heartbeats keep an idle connection alive, and real traffic (c8+) counts
 /// for free. Fixed by design (RFC v2 §5): this is the control connection, a
 /// heartbeat can never queue behind bulk traffic, so a fixed timeout is an
 /// honest detector.
 pub const LIVENESS_TIMEOUT: Duration = Duration::from_secs(4);
 
-fn run(mut framed: FramedConn, _peer: Peer, cmd_rx: Receiver<Cmd>, out_rx: Receiver<Frame>) {
+fn run(
+    mut framed: FramedConn,
+    _peer: Peer,
+    timing: Timing,
+    cmd_rx: Receiver<Cmd>,
+    out_rx: Receiver<Frame>,
+    mon_rx: Receiver<MonCmd>,
+) {
+    let mut mons = Monitors::default();
     match framed.readable_arm() {
-        Some(arm) => run_live(&mut framed, arm, &cmd_rx, &out_rx),
+        Some(arm) => run_live(
+            &mut framed,
+            arm,
+            timing,
+            &cmd_rx,
+            &out_rx,
+            &mon_rx,
+            &mut mons,
+        ),
         None => run_inert(&cmd_rx),
     }
     framed.close();
+    mons.teardown(&mon_rx);
+}
+
+/// The monitor plane's two tables (module docs). Owned by the actor.
+#[derive(Default)]
+struct Monitors {
+    /// Monitors this node holds on peer actors: id → (target, delivery).
+    outstanding: HashMap<MonitorId, (RemotePid<Erased>, Sender<RemoteDown>)>,
+    /// Monitors the peer holds on local actors: id → the local monitor.
+    watched: HashMap<MonitorId, Monitor>,
+}
+
+impl Monitors {
+    /// The connection is gone, whatever the exit path (liveness expiry,
+    /// EOF, wire failure, commanded stop): release the peer's local
+    /// monitors, and answer every one of ours with `Disconnected` — nothing
+    /// more can be known about those actors. Commands still sitting in the
+    /// inbox are folded in first (a `Monitor` handed to us but never
+    /// processed gets its notice too; a `Demonitor` still cancels), so the
+    /// only registration that can miss this is one that lands after the
+    /// drain and before the inbox drops — the reader side backstops that
+    /// (`RemoteMonitor`). Entries leave the table as they are answered, and
+    /// this runs once per actor, so no monitor sees two notices.
+    fn teardown(&mut self, mon_rx: &Receiver<MonCmd>) {
+        for (_, m) in self.watched.drain() {
+            let _ = demonitor(&m);
+        }
+        while let Ok(Some(cmd)) = mon_rx.try_recv() {
+            match cmd {
+                MonCmd::Monitor { id, target, tx } => {
+                    self.outstanding.insert(id, (target, tx));
+                }
+                MonCmd::Demonitor { id } => {
+                    self.outstanding.remove(&id);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        for (_, (pid, tx)) in self.outstanding.drain() {
+            let _ = tx.send(RemoteDown {
+                pid,
+                reason: RemoteDownReason::Disconnected,
+            });
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Admit a peer's `Monitor` for local `(index, generation)`. Returns
+    /// the reason to answer with at once, or `None` if a live monitor was
+    /// installed. Corpse → recorded terminal reason (RFC §6, and only
+    /// watchable deaths are recorded); live watchable → monitor; anything
+    /// else → `NoProc`. The check-then-monitor race (dies in between) is
+    /// closed on the read side: a `NoProc` from a monitor we installed on a
+    /// live pid is upgraded through `terminal_reason` in `sweep_watched`.
+    fn admit(&mut self, id: MonitorId, index: u32, generation: u32) -> Option<DownReason> {
+        let pid = Pid::new(index, generation);
+        if let Some(reason) = terminal_reason(pid) {
+            return Some(reason);
+        }
+        if !is_watchable(pid) {
+            return Some(DownReason::NoProc);
+        }
+        let m = monitor(pid);
+        self.watched.insert(id, m);
+        None
+    }
+
+    fn cancel(&mut self, id: MonitorId) {
+        if let Some(m) = self.watched.remove(&id) {
+            let _ = demonitor(&m);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Collect every local `Down` that has arrived for a peer-held monitor.
+    fn sweep_watched(&mut self) -> Vec<(MonitorId, DownReason)> {
+        let mut fired = Vec::new();
+        for (id, m) in self.watched.iter() {
+            if let Ok(Some(down)) = m.rx.try_recv() {
+                let reason = match down.reason {
+                    DownReason::NoProc => terminal_reason(m.target).unwrap_or(DownReason::NoProc),
+                    r => r,
+                };
+                fired.push((*id, reason));
+            }
+        }
+        for (id, _) in &fired {
+            self.watched.remove(id);
+        }
+        fired
+    }
+
+    /// The peer reports a monitored actor down: deliver locally.
+    fn down(&mut self, id: MonitorId, reason: RemoteDownReason) {
+        if let Some((pid, tx)) = self.outstanding.remove(&id) {
+            let _ = tx.send(RemoteDown { pid, reason });
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 /// The steady-state loop over an fd-backed connection: one
@@ -148,15 +295,39 @@ fn run(mut framed: FramedConn, _peer: Peer, cmd_rx: Receiver<Cmd>, out_rx: Recei
 fn run_live(
     framed: &mut FramedConn,
     arm: crate::scheduler::FdArm,
+    timing: Timing,
     cmd_rx: &Receiver<Cmd>,
     out_rx: &Receiver<Frame>,
+    mon_rx: &Receiver<MonCmd>,
+    mons: &mut Monitors,
 ) {
     let mut next_hb = Instant::now();
-    let mut live_until = Instant::now() + LIVENESS_TIMEOUT;
+    let mut live_until = Instant::now() + timing.liveness_timeout;
-    // The outbound sender lives in the manager's table and is dropped on
+    // The outbound senders live in the manager's table and are dropped on
-    // unbind; after that this arm would wake forever, so it drops out of
+    // unbind; after that these arms would wake forever, so they drop out of
     // the select (not a stop signal — see the module docs).
     let mut out_open = true;
+    let mut mon_open = true;
+    // Which wait each select arm stands for. Built in lockstep with the
+    // `Selectable` vector each iteration, so a wake is decoded by name and
+    // never by position.
+    enum Arm {
+        Cmd,
+        Fd,
+        Out,
+        Mon,
+        /// A peer-held local monitor (any of them: firing sweeps them all).
+        Watched,
+    }
+    fn push<'s>(
+        arms: &mut Vec<&'s dyn Selectable>,
+        what: &mut Vec<Arm>,
+        s: &'s dyn Selectable,
+        a: Arm,
+    ) {
+        arms.push(s);
+        what.push(a);
+    }
     loop {
         let now = Instant::now();
         if now >= live_until {
@@ -166,33 +337,57 @@ fn run_live(
             if framed.send(&Frame::Heartbeat).is_err() {
                 break;
             }
-            next_hb = now + HEARTBEAT_INTERVAL;
+            next_hb = now + timing.heartbeat_interval;
         }
         let wait = next_hb.min(live_until).saturating_duration_since(now);
-        // Arm indices: 0 cmd, 1 fd, 2 outbound (when open).
+        let mut arms: Vec<&dyn Selectable> = Vec::new();
-        let mut arms: Vec<&dyn Selectable> = vec![cmd_rx, &arm];
+        let mut what: Vec<Arm> = Vec::new();
+        push(&mut arms, &mut what, cmd_rx, Arm::Cmd);
+        push(&mut arms, &mut what, &arm, Arm::Fd);
         if out_open {
-            arms.push(out_rx);
+            push(&mut arms, &mut what, out_rx, Arm::Out);
         }
-        match try_select_timeout(&arms, wait) {
+        if mon_open {
-            Ok(Some(0)) => {
+            push(&mut arms, &mut what, mon_rx, Arm::Mon);
+        }
+        for m in mons.watched.values() {
+            push(&mut arms, &mut what, &m.rx, Arm::Watched);
+        }
+        match try_select_timeout(&arms, wait).map(|i| i.map(|i| &what[i])) {
+            Ok(Some(Arm::Cmd)) => {
                 if should_stop(cmd_rx) {
                     break;
                 }
             }
-            Ok(Some(1)) => match pump_readable(framed) {
+            Ok(Some(Arm::Fd)) => match pump_readable(framed, mons) {
                 Pump::Ended => break,
                 Pump::Frames(n) => {
                     if n > 0 {
-                        live_until = Instant::now() + LIVENESS_TIMEOUT;
+                        live_until = Instant::now() + timing.liveness_timeout;
                     }
                 }
             },
-            Ok(Some(_)) => match pump_outbound(framed, out_rx) {
+            Ok(Some(Arm::Out)) => match pump_outbound(framed, out_rx) {
-                Outbound::Sent => {}
+                Outbound::Drained => {}
                 Outbound::Closed => out_open = false,
                 Outbound::WireFailed => break,
             },
+            Ok(Some(Arm::Mon)) => match pump_moncmds(framed, mon_rx, mons) {
+                Outbound::Drained => {}
+                Outbound::Closed => mon_open = false,
+                Outbound::WireFailed => break,
+            },
+            Ok(Some(Arm::Watched)) => {
+                for (id, reason) in mons.sweep_watched() {
+                    let frame = Frame::Down {
+                        monitor_id: id.0,
+                        reason: reason.into(),
+                    };
+                    if framed.send(&frame).is_err() {
+                        return;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
             // A deadline passed; the top of the loop acts on whichever.
             Ok(None) => {}
             // The fd arm failed to register — the connection is gone.
@@ -201,9 +396,42 @@ fn run_live(
     }
 }
 
-/// What one outbound wake yielded.
+/// Drain the monitor-command inbox: record, then emit (module docs).
+fn pump_moncmds(
+    framed: &mut FramedConn,
+    mon_rx: &Receiver<MonCmd>,
+    mons: &mut Monitors,
+) -> Outbound {
+    loop {
+        match mon_rx.try_recv() {
+            Ok(Some(MonCmd::Monitor { id, target, tx })) => {
+                let frame = Frame::Monitor {
+                    monitor_id: id.0,
+                    index: target.index(),
+                    generation: target.generation(),
+                };
+                mons.outstanding.insert(id, (target, tx));
+                if framed.send(&frame).is_err() {
+                    return Outbound::WireFailed;
+                }
+            }
+            Ok(Some(MonCmd::Demonitor { id })) => {
+                if mons.outstanding.remove(&id).is_some()
+                    && framed.send(&Frame::Demonitor { monitor_id: id.0 }).is_err()
+                {
+                    return Outbound::WireFailed;
+                }
+            }
+            Ok(None) => return Outbound::Drained,
+            Err(_) => return Outbound::Closed,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// What one outbound-side wake (frames or monitor commands) yielded.
 enum Outbound {
-    Sent,
+    /// Everything queued went onto the wire; the inbox is open and empty.
+    Drained,
     /// The manager unbound this connection's sender; nothing more will come.
     Closed,
     /// The socket refused a write: the connection is gone.
@@ -219,7 +447,7 @@ fn pump_outbound(framed: &mut FramedConn, out_rx: &Receiver<Frame>) -> Outbound
                     return Outbound::WireFailed;
                 }
             }
-            Ok(None) => return Outbound::Sent,
+            Ok(None) => return Outbound::Drained,
             Err(_) => return Outbound::Closed,
         }
     }
@@ -261,16 +489,26 @@ enum Pump {
     Frames(usize),
 }
 
+/// Surface an inbound verdict: one `smarm-trace` event, nothing else — it
+/// is local knowledge (RFC §3). A no-op without the feature.
+fn note_verdict(verdict: InboundVerdict) {
+    #[cfg(feature = "smarm-trace")]
+    crate::te!(crate::trace::Event::ClusterInbound(verdict.label()));
+    #[cfg(not(feature = "smarm-trace"))]
+    drop(verdict);
+}
+
 /// Consume one readable wake: exactly one socket read (which cannot block
 /// after a level-triggered readable indication), then drain every complete
 /// frame the buffer now holds. A blocking `recv` here would park the actor
 /// past its heartbeat and liveness deadlines whenever a frame arrives split.
-/// Every consumed frame counts for liveness; `SendNamed` additionally goes
+/// Every consumed frame counts for liveness; `SendNamed` goes to the one
-/// to the one inbound resolution seam. Its verdict is local knowledge only
+/// name-resolution seam and `Send` to the pid seam. Verdicts are local
-/// — nothing goes back on the wire (RFC §3) — and is currently discarded
+/// knowledge only — nothing goes back on the wire (RFC §3) — and surface
-/// (a future trace hook is the place to surface it). Frames for later
+/// as one `smarm-trace` `ClusterInbound` event each (zero cost off).
-/// chunks (`Send` c10, `Monitor`/`Down` c11) are consumed and ignored.
+/// `Monitor`/`Demonitor`/`Down` go to the [`Monitors`] tables; a `Monitor`
-fn pump_readable(framed: &mut FramedConn) -> Pump {
+/// that can be answered at once is answered inline.
+fn pump_readable(framed: &mut FramedConn, mons: &mut Monitors) -> Pump {
     let eof = match framed.read_once() {
         Ok(n) => n == 0,
         Err(_) => return Pump::Ended,
@@ -280,13 +518,43 @@ fn pump_readable(framed: &mut FramedConn) -> Pump {
         match framed.next_buffered() {
             Ok(Some(frame)) => {
                 got += 1;
-                if let Frame::SendNamed {
+                match frame {
+                    Frame::SendNamed {
                         name,
                         type_hash,
                         payload,
-                } = frame
+                    } => {
-                {
+                        note_verdict(deliver_named(&name, type_hash, &payload));
-                    let _verdict = deliver_named(&name, type_hash, &payload);
+                    }
+                    Frame::Send {
+                        index,
+                        generation,
+                        type_hash,
+                        payload,
+                    } => {
+                        note_verdict(deliver_to_pid(index, generation, type_hash, &payload));
+                    }
+                    Frame::Monitor {
+                        monitor_id,
+                        index,
+                        generation,
+                    } => {
+                        let id = MonitorId(monitor_id);
+                        if let Some(reason) = mons.admit(id, index, generation) {
+                            let frame = Frame::Down {
+                                monitor_id,
+                                reason: reason.into(),
+                            };
+                            if framed.send(&frame).is_err() {
+                                return Pump::Ended;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    Frame::Demonitor { monitor_id } => mons.cancel(MonitorId(monitor_id)),
+                    Frame::Down { monitor_id, reason } => mons.down(MonitorId(monitor_id), reason),
+                    // Heartbeat: liveness only. Handshake frames after
+                    // establishment: ignored.
+                    _ => {}
                 }
             }
             Ok(None) => break,
@@ -299,3 +567,64 @@ fn pump_readable(framed: &mut FramedConn) -> Pump {
         Pump::Frames(got)
     }
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    //! `Monitors::teardown` in isolation: the actor-side half of c13, pinned
+    //! separately because from the outside it is indistinguishable from the
+    //! read-side backstop in `RemoteMonitor` (both yield `Disconnected`).
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::pg::Incarnation;
+
+    fn pid(index: u32) -> RemotePid<Erased> {
+        RemotePid::from_parts("peer", Incarnation::new(1), index, 1)
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn teardown_answers_every_outstanding_and_unread_monitor_once() {
+        crate::run(|| {
+            let mut mons = Monitors::default();
+            let (mon_tx, mon_rx) = channel::<MonCmd>();
+
+            // Already registered.
+            let (tx1, rx1) = channel::<RemoteDown>();
+            mons.outstanding.insert(MonitorId(1), (pid(1), tx1));
+            // In the inbox, never processed.
+            let (tx2, rx2) = channel::<RemoteDown>();
+            mon_tx
+                .send(MonCmd::Monitor {
+                    id: MonitorId(2),
+                    target: pid(2),
+                    tx: tx2,
+                })
+                .ok()
+                .unwrap();
+            // Registered, then cancelled in the inbox: silence.
+            let (tx3, rx3) = channel::<RemoteDown>();
+            mons.outstanding.insert(MonitorId(3), (pid(3), tx3));
+            mon_tx
+                .send(MonCmd::Demonitor { id: MonitorId(3) })
+                .ok()
+                .unwrap();
+
+            mons.teardown(&mon_rx);
+
+            let d1 = rx1.recv().unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(
+                (d1.pid, d1.reason),
+                (pid(1), RemoteDownReason::Disconnected)
+            );
+            let d2 = rx2.recv().unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(
+                (d2.pid, d2.reason),
+                (pid(2), RemoteDownReason::Disconnected)
+            );
+            // Cancelled: no notice was sent (its sender is dropped, channel
+            // closed-empty), and nobody got a second one.
+            assert!(rx3.try_recv().is_err());
+            assert!(rx1.try_recv().is_err());
+            assert!(rx2.try_recv().is_err());
+            assert!(mons.outstanding.is_empty());
+        });
+    }
+}

src/cluster/connect.rs

@@ -27,16 +27,17 @@ use crate::channel::{channel, Receiver, Selectable, Sender};
 use crate::cluster::conn::spawn_established;
 use crate::cluster::envelope::{Frame, RejectReason};
 use crate::cluster::handshake::{
-    HelloCtx, Initiator, InitiatorOutcome, Local, Peer, Responder, ResponderOutcome,
+    Initiator, InitiatorOutcome, Local, Peer, PeerStanding, Responder, ResponderOutcome,
 };
 use crate::cluster::manager::{Call, Reply, MANAGER};
 use crate::cluster::transport::{FramedConn, Listener, RecvError, SendError, Transport};
+use crate::cluster::Timing;
 use crate::gen_server;
 use crate::pid::Pid;
 use crate::scheduler::{self, spawn};
 
-/// How long either side waits for the peer's handshake frame before giving
+/// Default for [`Timing::handshake_timeout`]: how long either side waits for
-/// up and closing. Enforced on the path via [`FramedConn::recv_deadline`],
+/// the peer's handshake frame before giving up and closing. Enforced on the path via [`FramedConn::recv_deadline`],
 /// so a peer that connects and goes silent cannot wedge the acceptor.
 pub const HANDSHAKE_TIMEOUT: Duration = Duration::from_secs(5);
 
@@ -119,7 +120,7 @@ pub fn dial_handshake(
 
 /// Accept-side path step: read the first frame, judge it, answer or close.
 ///
-/// `ctx_for` supplies the [`HelloCtx`] for the *offered* name — knowledge
+/// `standing_of` supplies the [`PeerStanding`] of the *offered* name — knowledge
 /// only the frame reveals, which is why it is a callback and not a value
 /// (the integrated acceptor asks the manager; loopback tests fabricate).
 /// It is not called when the first frame is not a `Hello`.
@@ -129,7 +130,7 @@ pub fn dial_handshake(
 pub fn accept_handshake(
     framed: &mut FramedConn,
     local: Local,
-    ctx_for: impl FnOnce(&str) -> HelloCtx,
+    standing_of: impl FnOnce(&str) -> PeerStanding,
     deadline: Instant,
 ) -> Result<Peer, HandshakeError> {
     let frame = match framed.recv_deadline(deadline) {
@@ -143,11 +144,11 @@ pub fn accept_handshake(
             return Err(from_recv(e));
         }
     };
-    let ctx = match &frame {
+    let standing = match &frame {
-        Frame::Hello { node_name, .. } => ctx_for(node_name),
+        Frame::Hello { node_name, .. } => standing_of(node_name),
-        _ => HelloCtx::default(),
+        _ => PeerStanding::Free,
     };
-    match Responder::new(local).on_frame(frame, ctx) {
+    match Responder::new(local).on_frame(frame, standing) {
         ResponderOutcome::Accepted { reply, peer } => {
             if let Err(e) = framed.send(&reply) {
                 framed.close();
@@ -199,6 +200,21 @@ pub enum DialError {
     Duplicate,
 }
 
+impl DialError {
+    /// A short static label per kind, for the `smarm-trace` `ClusterDial`
+    /// event; the payload (io error, names) is not carried.
+    pub fn label(&self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            DialError::AlreadyDialing => "already_dialing",
+            DialError::ManagerUnavailable => "manager_unavailable",
+            DialError::Connect(_) => "connect",
+            DialError::Handshake(_) => "handshake",
+            DialError::PeerNameMismatch { .. } => "peer_name_mismatch",
+            DialError::Duplicate => "duplicate",
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 /// Dial `peer_name` at `addr` and run the handshake, keeping the manager's
 /// dial-intent set honest around it: the intent is registered *before*
 /// connecting (so a crossing inbound `Hello` sees it) and cleared the
@@ -211,6 +227,7 @@ pub fn dial(
     addr: &str,
     peer_name: &str,
     local: &Local,
+    timing: Timing,
 ) -> Result<Pid, DialError> {
     let me = scheduler::self_pid();
     match gen_server::call(
@@ -224,7 +241,7 @@ pub fn dial(
         Ok(Reply::DialBegan(false)) => return Err(DialError::AlreadyDialing),
         _ => return Err(DialError::ManagerUnavailable),
     }
-    let result = connect_and_shake(transport, addr, local);
+    let result = connect_and_shake(transport, addr, local, timing);
     // Cleared immediately on outcome — a stale intent during the established
     // window would corrupt later tie-breaks. Synchronous (a call): the
     // intent is provably gone before anything else happens.
@@ -242,17 +259,18 @@ pub fn dial(
             got: peer.node_name,
         });
     }
-    spawn_established(framed, peer).map_err(|_| DialError::Duplicate)
+    spawn_established(framed, peer, timing).map_err(|_| DialError::Duplicate)
 }
 
 fn connect_and_shake(
     transport: &dyn Transport,
     addr: &str,
     local: &Local,
+    timing: Timing,
 ) -> Result<(FramedConn, Peer), DialError> {
     let conn = transport.dial(addr).map_err(DialError::Connect)?;
     let mut framed = FramedConn::new(conn);
-    let deadline = Instant::now() + HANDSHAKE_TIMEOUT;
+    let deadline = Instant::now() + timing.handshake_timeout;
     let peer = dial_handshake(&mut framed, local, deadline).map_err(DialError::Handshake)?;
     Ok((framed, peer))
 }
@@ -286,14 +304,19 @@ impl AcceptorHandle {
 /// fd-backed ([`Listener::readable_arm`]); the loopback listener is not,
 /// and its acceptor exits immediately — loopback handshakes are driven
 /// synchronously through the path fns instead, per D8.
-pub fn spawn_acceptor(listener: Box<dyn Listener>, local: Local) -> AcceptorHandle {
+pub fn spawn_acceptor(listener: Box<dyn Listener>, local: Local, timing: Timing) -> AcceptorHandle {
     let addr = listener.local_addr();
     let (cmd_tx, cmd_rx) = channel();
-    spawn(move || accept_loop(listener, local, cmd_rx));
+    spawn(move || accept_loop(listener, local, timing, cmd_rx));
     AcceptorHandle { cmd_tx, addr }
 }
 
-fn accept_loop(mut listener: Box<dyn Listener>, local: Local, cmd_rx: Receiver<()>) {
+fn accept_loop(
+    mut listener: Box<dyn Listener>,
+    local: Local,
+    timing: Timing,
+    cmd_rx: Receiver<()>,
+) {
     loop {
         let Some(arm) = listener.readable_arm() else {
             return;
@@ -311,7 +334,7 @@ fn accept_loop(mut listener: Box<dyn Listener>, local: Local, cmd_rx: Receiver<(
                     Ok(conn) => conn,
                     Err(_) => return, // listener itself is broken
                 };
-                handle_inbound(FramedConn::new(conn), &local);
+                handle_inbound(FramedConn::new(conn), &local, timing);
             }
             Err(_) => return, // fd arm failed to register: listener is gone
         }
@@ -319,27 +342,24 @@ fn accept_loop(mut listener: Box<dyn Listener>, local: Local, cmd_rx: Receiver<(
 }
 
 /// Run the accept-side handshake for one inbound connection, asking the
-/// manager for the [`HelloCtx`], and hand the established connection to the
+/// manager for the [`PeerStanding`], and hand the established connection to the
 /// manager. Every failure was already resolved on the path (reject sent /
 /// closed, or the registration refused and the actor stopped), so there is
 /// nothing for the acceptor to carry forward.
-fn handle_inbound(mut framed: FramedConn, local: &Local) {
+fn handle_inbound(mut framed: FramedConn, local: &Local, timing: Timing) {
-    let deadline = Instant::now() + HANDSHAKE_TIMEOUT;
+    let deadline = Instant::now() + timing.handshake_timeout;
-    let ctx_for = |name: &str| match gen_server::call(
+    let standing_of = |name: &str| match gen_server::call(
         MANAGER,
-        Call::HelloCtx {
+        Call::Standing {
             peer_name: name.to_string(),
         },
     ) {
-        Ok(Reply::HelloCtx(ctx)) => ctx,
+        Ok(Reply::Standing(s)) => s,
         // Manager unreachable: nobody could register this connection anyway,
         // so claim the name taken and reject rather than accept an orphan.
-        _ => HelloCtx {
+        _ => PeerStanding::Claimed,
-            name_claimed: true,
-            dialing_this_peer: false,
-        },
     };
-    if let Ok(peer) = accept_handshake(&mut framed, local.clone(), ctx_for, deadline) {
+    if let Ok(peer) = accept_handshake(&mut framed, local.clone(), standing_of, deadline) {
-        let _ = spawn_established(framed, peer);
+        let _ = spawn_established(framed, peer, timing);
     }
 }

src/cluster/connector.rs

@@ -15,9 +15,14 @@
 //! `node_down` resume immediately (a fresh sequence — the reconnect case is
 //! the one backoff exists to pace, but the *first* retry after a death
 //! should be prompt). A candidate bearing our own name is parked permanently
-//! — that seed is us. Every other failure retries: in particular a
+//! — that seed is us; so is one whose address answers as a different name
-//! `NameTaken` reject can be our own ghost at the peer, not yet reaped by
+//! (`PeerNameMismatch`: a misconfigured or stale seed — each retry would
-//! its liveness timer, so it must not park.
+//! only blip the peer's membership). Every other failure retries: in
+//! particular a `NameTaken` reject can be our own ghost at the peer, not
+//! yet reaped by its liveness timer, so it must not park. Each attempt's
+//! outcome is one `smarm-trace` `ClusterDial` event. A [`Discovery::Withdrawn`]
+//! drops its `(name, addr)` from the dial set — only that: a live
+//! connection is membership's, and a re-announce re-adds it fresh.
 //!
 //! Dials run **inline in the loop** — the same deliberate serialization as
 //! the acceptor (c6b): each attempt is bounded by the connect + handshake
@@ -25,21 +30,23 @@
 //! unreachable seeds would stretch the loop's latency; revisit if a real
 //! deployment ever hits that shape.
 
-use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet};
+use std::collections::HashSet;
 use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
 
 use crate::channel::{channel, select, select_timeout, Receiver, Selectable, Sender};
-use crate::cluster::connect::dial;
+use crate::cluster::connect::{dial, DialError};
 use crate::cluster::discovery::{Discovery, Strategy};
 use crate::cluster::handshake::Local;
 use crate::cluster::membership::{subscribe, NodeEvent};
 use crate::cluster::transport::Transport;
-use crate::pg::NodeId;
+use crate::cluster::Timing;
 use crate::scheduler::spawn;
 
-/// First retry delay after a failed dial attempt.
+/// Default for [`Timing::initial_backoff`]: first retry delay after a failed
+/// dial attempt.
 pub const INITIAL_BACKOFF: Duration = Duration::from_millis(250);
-/// Backoff ceiling: an unreachable seed is retried this often, forever.
+/// Default for [`Timing::max_backoff`]: an unreachable seed is retried this
+/// often, forever.
 pub const MAX_BACKOFF: Duration = Duration::from_secs(5);
 
 enum Cmd {
@@ -60,15 +67,74 @@ impl ConnectorHandle {
     }
 }
 
-/// One discovered `(name, addr)` and its dial state.
+/// One discovered `(name, addr)` and our dial intent towards it.
 struct Candidate {
     name: String,
     addr: String,
-    /// This seed is the local node itself: never dialed.
+    state: State,
-    parked: bool,
+}
+
+/// The connector's *intent* for a candidate. Whether the peer is currently
+/// up is a separate, name-keyed membership fact (`up` in [`run`]): a
+/// candidate can arrive after its peer's `node_up` (the snapshot lands
+/// before the strategy has said anything), so "up" cannot live on the
+/// candidate alone — it is a filter over dialing, not a candidate state.
+enum State {
+    /// Never dialed: this seed is the local node itself, or the address
+    /// answered as a *different* name than the one seeded
+    /// (`DialError::PeerNameMismatch` — a misconfigured or stale seed;
+    /// redialing would only blip the peer's membership forever). The way
+    /// back is the strategy's: `Withdrawn` then a fresh `Candidate`.
+    Parked,
+    /// Dial when due; on failure, back off.
+    Dialing {
         /// Delay to apply after the *next* failure.
         backoff: Duration,
         next_attempt: Instant,
+    },
+}
+
+impl State {
+    fn fresh(timing: &Timing) -> Self {
+        State::Dialing {
+            backoff: timing.initial_backoff,
+            next_attempt: Instant::now(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Candidate {
+    /// The retry deadline, if this candidate is dialing at all.
+    fn due(&self) -> Option<Instant> {
+        match self.state {
+            State::Parked => None,
+            State::Dialing { next_attempt, .. } => Some(next_attempt),
+        }
+    }
+    /// A dial attempt was made: schedule the retry, grow the backoff.
+    fn attempted(&mut self, timing: &Timing) {
+        if let State::Dialing {
+            backoff,
+            next_attempt,
+        } = &mut self.state
+        {
+            *next_attempt = Instant::now() + *backoff;
+            *backoff = (*backoff * 2).min(timing.max_backoff);
+        }
+    }
+    /// The peer came up: the next sequence (after a later `node_down`)
+    /// starts from the initial delay again.
+    fn peer_up(&mut self, timing: &Timing) {
+        if let State::Dialing { backoff, .. } = &mut self.state {
+            *backoff = timing.initial_backoff;
+        }
+    }
+    /// The peer went down: redial promptly, fresh sequence.
+    fn peer_down(&mut self, timing: &Timing) {
+        if matches!(self.state, State::Dialing { .. }) {
+            self.state = State::fresh(timing);
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 /// Spawn the connector actor. The strategy is spawned as its child; the
@@ -78,9 +144,10 @@ pub fn spawn_connector(
     transport: Box<dyn Transport>,
     local: Local,
     strategy: Box<dyn Strategy>,
+    timing: Timing,
 ) -> ConnectorHandle {
     let (cmd_tx, cmd_rx) = channel();
-    spawn(move || run(transport, local, strategy, cmd_rx));
+    spawn(move || run(transport, local, strategy, timing, cmd_rx));
     ConnectorHandle { cmd_tx }
 }
 
@@ -88,10 +155,11 @@ fn run(
     transport: Box<dyn Transport>,
     local: Local,
     strategy: Box<dyn Strategy>,
+    timing: Timing,
     cmd_rx: Receiver<Cmd>,
 ) {
     // Membership is the connector's source of truth for "who is up" — the
-    // snapshot seeds `connected` before any candidate arrives.
+    // snapshot seeds `up` before any candidate arrives.
     let Some(events) = subscribe() else {
         return; // no manager, no cluster to connect
     };
@@ -99,8 +167,7 @@ fn run(
     spawn(move || strategy.run(disc_tx));
 
     let mut cands: Vec<Candidate> = Vec::new();
-    let mut connected: HashSet<String> = HashSet::new();
+    let mut up: HashSet<String> = HashSet::new();
-    let mut names: HashMap<NodeId, String> = HashMap::new(); // NodeDown carries only the id
     let mut strategy_done = false;
 
     loop {
@@ -111,9 +178,9 @@ fn run(
             Drained::Open => {}
         }
         if !strategy_done {
-            strategy_done = drain_discoveries(&disc_rx, &local, &mut cands);
+            strategy_done = drain_discoveries(&disc_rx, &local, &timing, &mut cands);
         }
-        match drain_events(&events.rx, &mut connected, &mut names, &mut cands) {
+        match drain_events(&events.rx, &timing, &mut up, &mut cands) {
             Drained::Stop => return, // manager gone: the cluster is tearing down
             Drained::Open => {}
         }
@@ -122,23 +189,26 @@ fn run(
         let now = Instant::now();
         for c in cands
             .iter_mut()
-            .filter(|c| !c.parked && !connected.contains(&c.name) && c.next_attempt <= now)
+            .filter(|c| !up.contains(&c.name) && c.due().is_some_and(|d| d <= now))
         {
-            // The outcome does not branch the bookkeeping: on success the
+            // On success the manager's node_up is on its way and lands in
-            // manager's node_up is on its way and flips `connected` (backing
+            // `up` (backing off meanwhile keeps a racing re-attempt from
-            // off meanwhile keeps a racing re-attempt from spinning); every
+            // spinning); every failure retries — see the module docs —
-            // failure retries — see the module docs.
+            // except a peer-name mismatch, which parks the candidate.
-            let _ = dial(&*transport, &c.addr, &c.name, &local);
+            let outcome = dial(&*transport, &c.addr, &c.name, &local, timing);
-            c.next_attempt = Instant::now() + c.backoff;
+            note_dial(&outcome);
-            c.backoff = (c.backoff * 2).min(MAX_BACKOFF);
+            match outcome {
+                Err(DialError::PeerNameMismatch { .. }) => c.state = State::Parked,
+                _ => c.attempted(&timing),
+            }
         }
 
         // Wait: until the earliest retry deadline among actionable
         // candidates, or indefinitely if none is pending.
         let deadline = cands
             .iter()
-            .filter(|c| !c.parked && !connected.contains(&c.name))
+            .filter(|c| !up.contains(&c.name))
-            .map(|c| c.next_attempt)
+            .filter_map(Candidate::due)
             .min();
         let mut arms: Vec<&dyn Selectable> = vec![&cmd_rx, &events.rx];
         if !strategy_done {
@@ -170,23 +240,31 @@ fn drain_cmd(rx: &Receiver<Cmd>) -> Drained {
 }
 
 /// Pull every pending discovery into the candidate set (deduplicated by
-/// `(name, addr)`; a candidate bearing the local name is parked). Returns
+/// `(name, addr)`; a candidate bearing the local name is parked; a
-/// `true` once the strategy's channel closes — it has said all it will.
+/// `Withdrawn` removes its pair from the dial set and nothing else — see
-fn drain_discoveries(rx: &Receiver<Discovery>, local: &Local, cands: &mut Vec<Candidate>) -> bool {
+/// [`Discovery::Withdrawn`]). Returns `true` once the strategy's channel
+/// closes — it has said all it will.
+fn drain_discoveries(
+    rx: &Receiver<Discovery>,
+    local: &Local,
+    timing: &Timing,
+    cands: &mut Vec<Candidate>,
+) -> bool {
     loop {
         match rx.try_recv() {
+            Ok(Some(Discovery::Withdrawn { name, addr })) => {
+                cands.retain(|c| !(c.name == name && c.addr == addr));
+            }
             Ok(Some(Discovery::Candidate { name, addr })) => {
                 if cands.iter().any(|c| c.name == name && c.addr == addr) {
                     continue;
                 }
-                let parked = name == local.node_name;
+                let state = if name == local.node_name {
-                cands.push(Candidate {
+                    State::Parked
-                    name,
+                } else {
-                    addr,
+                    State::fresh(timing)
-                    parked,
+                };
-                    backoff: INITIAL_BACKOFF,
+                cands.push(Candidate { name, addr, state });
-                    next_attempt: Instant::now(),
-                });
             }
             Ok(None) => return false,
             Err(_) => return true, // strategy done; its candidates live on here
@@ -194,36 +272,45 @@ fn drain_discoveries(rx: &Receiver<Discovery>, local: &Local, cands: &mut Vec<Ca
     }
 }
 
-/// Fold pending membership events into `connected` (and the id→name map).
+/// Fold pending membership events into `up`; each is also a transition on
-/// `node_up` resets its candidates' backoff; `node_down` schedules a prompt
+/// that peer's candidates (see [`Candidate::peer_up`] / [`peer_down`]).
-/// redial with a fresh sequence.
+///
+/// [`peer_down`]: Candidate::peer_down
 fn drain_events(
     rx: &Receiver<NodeEvent>,
-    connected: &mut HashSet<String>,
+    timing: &Timing,
-    names: &mut HashMap<NodeId, String>,
+    up: &mut HashSet<String>,
     cands: &mut [Candidate],
 ) -> Drained {
     loop {
         match rx.try_recv() {
             Ok(Some(NodeEvent::NodeUp(info))) => {
-                names.insert(info.node, info.name.clone());
+                cands
-                for c in cands.iter_mut().filter(|c| c.name == info.name) {
+                    .iter_mut()
-                    c.backoff = INITIAL_BACKOFF;
+                    .filter(|c| c.name == info.name)
-                }
+                    .for_each(|c| c.peer_up(timing));
-                connected.insert(info.name);
+                up.insert(info.name);
-            }
-            Ok(Some(NodeEvent::NodeDown { node })) => {
-                if let Some(name) = names.remove(&node) {
-                    connected.remove(&name);
-                    let now = Instant::now();
-                    for c in cands.iter_mut().filter(|c| c.name == name) {
-                        c.backoff = INITIAL_BACKOFF;
-                        c.next_attempt = now;
-                    }
             }
+            Ok(Some(NodeEvent::NodeDown(info))) => {
+                up.remove(&info.name);
+                cands
+                    .iter_mut()
+                    .filter(|c| c.name == info.name)
+                    .for_each(|c| c.peer_down(timing));
             }
             Ok(None) => return Drained::Open,
             Err(_) => return Drained::Stop,
         }
     }
 }
+
+/// Surface a dial outcome: one `smarm-trace` event, nothing else. The
+/// connector's bookkeeping is decided by the caller.
+fn note_dial(outcome: &Result<crate::pid::Pid, DialError>) {
+    #[cfg(feature = "smarm-trace")]
+    crate::te!(crate::trace::Event::ClusterDial(
+        outcome.as_ref().map_or_else(DialError::label, |_| "ok")
+    ));
+    #[cfg(not(feature = "smarm-trace"))]
+    let _ = outcome;
+}

src/cluster/discovery.rs

@@ -20,13 +20,22 @@ use crate::channel::Sender;
 
 /// A discovery event, as pushed by a [`Strategy`].
 ///
-/// Additive-only for now (candidates are announced, never withdrawn);
+/// `Candidate` announces, `Withdrawn` retracts — the primitive pair. A
-/// `#[non_exhaustive]` so expiry can land later without breaking strategies.
+/// strategy that wants TTL semantics builds them on top (track its own
+/// last-seen times, emit `Withdrawn` on expiry); the connector deliberately
+/// has no clock of its own for candidates (D11: strategies never
+/// re-announce, the connector owns retry). `#[non_exhaustive]` so more can
+/// land without breaking strategies.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 #[non_exhaustive]
 pub enum Discovery {
     /// A peer worth dialing: its claimed node name and a dialable address.
     Candidate { name: String, addr: String },
+    /// Stop dialing this `(name, addr)`. Dial-set only: a connection that
+    /// is already up is membership's business and is left alone; an
+    /// attempt in flight completes on its own; a later `Candidate` for the
+    /// same pair re-adds it with fresh backoff. Unknown pairs are ignored.
+    Withdrawn { name: String, addr: String },
 }
 
 /// A source of peers to dial. Implementations are spawned as actors by the

src/cluster/envelope.rs

@@ -81,10 +81,45 @@ pub enum Frame {
     },
     Down {
         monitor_id: u64,
-        reason: DownReason,
+        reason: RemoteDownReason,
     },
 }
 
+/// Why a remotely-monitored actor is reported down: either the target's own
+/// terminal [`DownReason`] as its node recorded it, or the *link* to that
+/// node was lost (or absent) — which says nothing about the actor itself.
+///
+/// This is the cluster-side widening of `DownReason` (p5): `Disconnected`
+/// is a fact about a connection, never about a local actor, so it lives
+/// here rather than in the core enum — a local `Down` can never carry it,
+/// and matches on `DownReason` stay exhaustive over actor outcomes only.
+/// On the wire `Local(r)` uses `r`'s tag and `Disconnected` is tag 5,
+/// bound since c11; no peer emits it today (a lost link is synthesized
+/// locally), but the codec honours it both ways.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum RemoteDownReason {
+    /// The target itself terminated; the peer reported this reason.
+    Local(DownReason),
+    /// The link to the target's node was lost or was never up.
+    Disconnected,
+}
+
+impl RemoteDownReason {
+    /// The actor's own reason, if this was not a link loss.
+    pub fn local(self) -> Option<DownReason> {
+        match self {
+            RemoteDownReason::Local(r) => Some(r),
+            RemoteDownReason::Disconnected => None,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<DownReason> for RemoteDownReason {
+    fn from(r: DownReason) -> Self {
+        RemoteDownReason::Local(r)
+    }
+}
+
 // Frame tags. 0 is deliberately unassigned so an all-zero buffer never parses.
 const TAG_HELLO: u8 = 1;
 const TAG_HELLO_ACK: u8 = 2;
@@ -101,11 +136,12 @@ const REJ_HASH_MISMATCH: u8 = 1;
 const REJ_NAME_TAKEN: u8 = 2;
 const REJ_PROTO_VERSION: u8 = 3;
 
-// DownReason tags. c11 adds `Disconnected = 5`; do not reuse tags.
+// DownReason tags. Do not reuse tags.
 const DR_EXIT: u8 = 1;
 const DR_PANIC: u8 = 2;
 const DR_STOPPED: u8 = 3;
 const DR_NOPROC: u8 = 4;
+const DR_DISCONNECTED: u8 = 5;
 
 /// Frame could not be encoded. The output buffer is left exactly as it was.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
@@ -272,10 +308,11 @@ impl Frame {
                 out.push(TAG_DOWN);
                 put_u64(out, *monitor_id);
                 out.push(match reason {
-                    DownReason::Exit => DR_EXIT,
+                    RemoteDownReason::Local(DownReason::Exit) => DR_EXIT,
-                    DownReason::Panic => DR_PANIC,
+                    RemoteDownReason::Local(DownReason::Panic) => DR_PANIC,
-                    DownReason::Stopped => DR_STOPPED,
+                    RemoteDownReason::Local(DownReason::Stopped) => DR_STOPPED,
-                    DownReason::NoProc => DR_NOPROC,
+                    RemoteDownReason::Local(DownReason::NoProc) => DR_NOPROC,
+                    RemoteDownReason::Disconnected => DR_DISCONNECTED,
                 });
             }
         }
@@ -364,13 +401,14 @@ impl Frame {
             TAG_DOWN => Frame::Down {
                 monitor_id: r.u64()?,
                 reason: match r.u8()? {
-                    DR_EXIT => DownReason::Exit,
+                    DR_EXIT => RemoteDownReason::Local(DownReason::Exit),
-                    DR_PANIC => DownReason::Panic,
+                    DR_PANIC => RemoteDownReason::Local(DownReason::Panic),
-                    DR_STOPPED => DownReason::Stopped,
+                    DR_STOPPED => RemoteDownReason::Local(DownReason::Stopped),
-                    DR_NOPROC => DownReason::NoProc,
+                    DR_NOPROC => RemoteDownReason::Local(DownReason::NoProc),
+                    DR_DISCONNECTED => RemoteDownReason::Disconnected,
                     t => {
                         return Err(DecodeError::UnknownEnumTag {
-                            what: "DownReason",
+                            what: "RemoteDownReason",
                             tag: t,
                         })
                     }

src/cluster/handshake.rs

@@ -25,14 +25,19 @@ pub struct Peer {
     pub meta: NodeMeta,
 }
 
-/// Driver-supplied context for an inbound `Hello` — knowledge the pure
+/// Driver-supplied standing of the *offered* name at this node — knowledge
-/// machine cannot have (c6 owns the connection table and dial set).
+/// the pure machine cannot have (c6 owns the connection table and dial
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Default)]
+/// set). One answer, in the responder's own precedence: an established
-pub struct HelloCtx {
+/// peer under that name outranks an in-flight dial to it.
-    /// The offered name is already claimed by an established peer.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
-    pub name_claimed: bool,
+pub enum PeerStanding {
-    /// We have our own dial in flight to this peer name.
+    /// Neither connected to nor dialing that name.
-    pub dialing_this_peer: bool,
+    #[default]
+    Free,
+    /// An established peer already holds that name.
+    Claimed,
+    /// We have our own dial in flight to that name.
+    Dialing,
 }
 
 /// Simultaneous-connect tie-break: does the connection dialed by
@@ -124,7 +129,7 @@ impl Responder {
     /// name → tie-break: validity before identity. `HelloReject` is the
     /// cross-version compatibility anchor, so a version-mismatched peer
     /// still gets one.
-    pub fn on_frame(self, frame: Frame, ctx: HelloCtx) -> ResponderOutcome {
+    pub fn on_frame(self, frame: Frame, standing: PeerStanding) -> ResponderOutcome {
         let Frame::Hello {
             proto_version,
             build_hash,
@@ -147,13 +152,13 @@ impl Responder {
         if build_hash != self.local.build_hash {
             return reject(RejectReason::HashMismatch);
         }
-        if node_name == self.local.node_name || ctx.name_claimed {
+        if node_name == self.local.node_name || standing == PeerStanding::Claimed {
             return reject(RejectReason::NameTaken);
         }
         // Simultaneous connect: the inbound frame is the peer's dial. If our
         // own in-flight dial wins instead, drop this one silently — the peer
         // computes the same verdict (see `dial_wins`).
-        if ctx.dialing_this_peer && !dial_wins(&node_name, &self.local.node_name) {
+        if standing == PeerStanding::Dialing && !dial_wins(&node_name, &self.local.node_name) {
             return ResponderOutcome::TieBreakLoss;
         }
 

src/cluster/manager.rs

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use std::collections::HashMap;
 
 use crate::channel::Sender;
 use crate::cluster::conn::ConnHandle;
-use crate::cluster::handshake::{HelloCtx, Peer};
+use crate::cluster::handshake::{Peer, PeerStanding};
 use crate::cluster::membership::{NodeEvent, NodeInfo};
 use crate::cluster::remote::{bind_outbound, unbind_outbound};
 use crate::gen_server::{GenServer, GenServerCtx, GenServerName, Watcher};
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ pub struct Manager {
     conns: HashMap<String, ConnEntry>,
     /// In-flight dial intents: peer name -> the actor performing the dial.
     /// Registered *before* connecting so a crossing inbound `Hello` sees it
-    /// (the `dialing_this_peer` half of [`HelloCtx`]); cleared the moment
+    /// ([`PeerStanding::Dialing`]); cleared the moment
     /// the dial resolves, and — because the dialer is monitored — on the
     /// dialer's death, so a panicking dial can never wedge the tie-break.
     dials: HashMap<String, Pid>,
@@ -143,9 +143,9 @@ pub enum Call {
     /// The dial to `name` resolved (either way): drop the intent. A call,
     /// not a cast, so the intent is provably gone before the dialer moves on.
     DialEnd { name: String },
-    /// The [`HelloCtx`] for an inbound `Hello` offering `peer_name` — the
+    /// The [`PeerStanding`] of an inbound `Hello` offering `peer_name` — the
     /// accept path asks this between reading the frame and judging it.
-    HelloCtx { peer_name: String },
+    Standing { peer_name: String },
     /// Subscribe `tx` to membership events, snapshot-then-stream: one
     /// [`NodeEvent::NodeUp`] per live peer is queued into `tx` before this
     /// call answers, so the stream is exact from its first event (handlers
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ pub enum Reply {
     /// `false`: another dial to this name is already in flight — do not dial.
     DialBegan(bool),
     DialEnded,
-    HelloCtx(HelloCtx),
+    Standing(PeerStanding),
     Subscribed,
     View(Vec<NodeInfo>),
 }
@@ -206,8 +206,8 @@ impl GenServer for Manager {
                 }
                 // The outbound table (c9) is maintained here, inside the same
                 // serialized handlers that own the connection's lifetime.
-                if let Some(out) = handle.take_outbound() {
+                if let Some((frames, monitors)) = handle.take_outbound() {
-                    bind_outbound(&peer.node_name, out);
+                    bind_outbound(&peer.node_name, peer.incarnation, frames, monitors);
                 }
                 let info = NodeInfo {
                     node: self.node_id(&peer.node_name, peer.incarnation.get()),
@@ -230,9 +230,7 @@ impl GenServer for Manager {
                 // Dropping the entry drops the handle, which stops the actor.
                 if let Some(entry) = self.conns.remove(&name) {
                     unbind_outbound(&name);
-                    self.emit(&NodeEvent::NodeDown {
+                    self.emit(&NodeEvent::NodeDown(entry.info));
-                        node: entry.info.node,
-                    });
                 }
                 Reply::Disconnected
             }
@@ -255,10 +253,15 @@ impl GenServer for Manager {
                 self.dials.remove(&name);
                 Reply::DialEnded
             }
-            Call::HelloCtx { peer_name } => Reply::HelloCtx(HelloCtx {
+            Call::Standing { peer_name } => {
-                name_claimed: self.conns.contains_key(&peer_name),
+                Reply::Standing(if self.conns.contains_key(&peer_name) {
-                dialing_this_peer: self.dials.contains_key(&peer_name),
+                    PeerStanding::Claimed
-            }),
+                } else if self.dials.contains_key(&peer_name) {
+                    PeerStanding::Dialing
+                } else {
+                    PeerStanding::Free
+                })
+            }
             Call::Subscribe { tx } => {
                 // The snapshot: queued before `tx` joins the list, and — the
                 // handlers being serialized — before any later event.
@@ -279,13 +282,13 @@ impl GenServer for Manager {
         self.conns.retain(|name, entry| {
             let dead = entry.pid == down.pid;
             if dead {
-                downs.push((name.clone(), entry.info.node));
+                downs.push((name.clone(), entry.info.clone()));
             }
             !dead
         });
-        for (name, node) in downs {
+        for (name, info) in downs {
             unbind_outbound(&name);
-            self.emit(&NodeEvent::NodeDown { node });
+            self.emit(&NodeEvent::NodeDown(info));
         }
         self.dials.retain(|_, pid| *pid != down.pid);
     }

src/cluster/membership.rs

@@ -57,9 +57,9 @@ pub enum NodeEvent {
     /// A peer's control connection established and registered.
     NodeUp(NodeInfo),
     /// That peer's connection ended — reaped, commanded down, or the manager
-    /// itself shut down. Which [`NodeInfo`] this id named was delivered in
+    /// itself shut down. Carries the same [`NodeInfo`] the corresponding
-    /// the corresponding `NodeUp`.
+    /// `NodeUp` delivered, so consumers need no id→name reverse map.
-    NodeDown { node: NodeId },
+    NodeDown(NodeInfo),
 }
 
 /// A live membership subscription: the receiving end of the event stream

src/cluster/pg.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,546 @@
+//! RFC 010 c15 — distributed process groups (Phase 5).
+//!
+//! The Erlang `pg` shape (D18): every node's group store is the union of
+//! its own local members and each peer's *announced* local members. There
+//! is one **pg actor** per node — the c14 reaper grown up — and it is the
+//! only writer of remote entries and the only sender of announcements:
+//!
+//! - **Origin owns its members.** Joins are local (`pg::join`), the eager
+//!   reaper is the liveness authority, and the origin announces every
+//!   change: `Join`/`Leave` incrementally to every up node, and a full
+//!   `Sync` of its local groups to a peer the moment that peer comes up
+//!   (`NodeUp`). Nobody monitors a remote member; a peer's `NodeDown` sweeps
+//!   every member it announced.
+//! - **Transport is a pure consumer** of Phase 3/4: the exposed name
+//!   [`PG_NAME`] (`"pg"`) carrying [`PgMsg`] over postcard, sent with
+//!   [`remote::send`]. No new frame, no manager change.
+//! - **No anti-entropy.** Per-origin ordering rides the single TCP link:
+//!   the actor sends `Sync` to a peer *before* it can send that peer any
+//!   `Join`/`Leave` (both from the same loop, over the same connection), and
+//!   a reconnect is a fresh `NodeUp` ⇒ fresh `Sync` replacing that peer's
+//!   set wholesale.
+//! - **Local API unchanged.** `members`/`pick`/`dispatch` stay local-only
+//!   (`get_local_members`); a remote entry in the store carries the peer's
+//!   `NodeId` and never surfaces there. Cluster-wide reads are the new,
+//!   additive [`members_all`] over [`GroupMember`] (c16 adds `pick_any` /
+//!   `dispatch_any`).
+//!
+//! ## Ordering inside the node
+//!
+//! `pg::join`/`pg::leave` mutate the store on the caller's thread and then
+//! *announce* to the actor's control inbox. Because the store op precedes the
+//! announcement and the actor re-reads the store before broadcasting a
+//! `Joined`, an announcement that has been overtaken (the member left or died
+//! before the actor got to it) is dropped rather than advertised: the wire
+//! never sees a `Join` for a member the origin no longer holds. `Leave`
+//! broadcasts unconditionally — a spurious `Leave` is a no-op at the peer.
+//!
+//! Inbound: `NodeUp` is emitted by the manager on the accept/connect path,
+//! *before* the peer's connection actor exists, so it is queued on the
+//! membership stream before any frame from that peer can reach this inbox.
+//! The actor still drains membership before it interprets a `PgMsg` whose
+//! sender it does not know, and drops the message if the sender is still not
+//! up (a ghost — its next `NodeUp` brings a `Sync`).
+
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+
+use crate::channel::{channel, select, Receiver, Selectable};
+use crate::cluster::expose::expose;
+use crate::cluster::membership::{subscribe, MembershipEvents, NodeEvent, NodeInfo};
+use crate::cluster::remote::{
+    self, local_identity, send_to_remote, RemoteName, RemotePid, ToRemoteError,
+};
+use crate::monitor::Down;
+use crate::pg::{
+    live, member_for, reaper_inboxes, sweep_local_death, Incarnation, Member, Membership, PgEvent,
+};
+use crate::pid::{assert_type, Addressable, Erased, Pid};
+use crate::registry::{register, send_to, SendError};
+use crate::scheduler::with_runtime;
+use crate::Name;
+
+/// The exposed name every node's pg actor answers under.
+pub const PG_NAME: Name<PgMsg> = Name::new("pg");
+
+/// The pg wire protocol. Every variant is origin-authored: `from` / the
+/// pid's node is the node whose local members are being described.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum PgMsg {
+    /// The origin's complete local membership, sent to a peer on `NodeUp`.
+    /// Replaces whatever the receiver held for that origin.
+    Sync {
+        from: String,
+        groups: Vec<(String, Vec<RemotePid<Erased>>)>,
+    },
+    /// The origin added `pid` (its own) to `group`.
+    Join {
+        group: String,
+        pid: RemotePid<Erased>,
+    },
+    /// The origin removed `pid` from `group` — voluntary leave or death.
+    Leave {
+        group: String,
+        pid: RemotePid<Erased>,
+    },
+}
+
+// Hand-rolled serde (the crate carries no serde-derive), as a 3-tuple with a
+// leading tag: (0, from, groups) | (1, group, pid) | (2, group, pid).
+impl serde::Serialize for PgMsg {
+    fn serialize<S: serde::Serializer>(&self, s: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error> {
+        use serde::ser::SerializeTuple;
+        let mut t = s.serialize_tuple(3)?;
+        match self {
+            PgMsg::Sync { from, groups } => {
+                t.serialize_element(&0u8)?;
+                t.serialize_element(from)?;
+                t.serialize_element(groups)?;
+            }
+            PgMsg::Join { group, pid } => {
+                t.serialize_element(&1u8)?;
+                t.serialize_element(group)?;
+                t.serialize_element(pid)?;
+            }
+            PgMsg::Leave { group, pid } => {
+                t.serialize_element(&2u8)?;
+                t.serialize_element(group)?;
+                t.serialize_element(pid)?;
+            }
+        }
+        t.end()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'de> serde::Deserialize<'de> for PgMsg {
+    fn deserialize<D: serde::Deserializer<'de>>(d: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error> {
+        struct V;
+        impl<'de> serde::de::Visitor<'de> for V {
+            type Value = PgMsg;
+            fn expecting(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter) -> std::fmt::Result {
+                f.write_str("a pg message tuple")
+            }
+            fn visit_seq<A: serde::de::SeqAccess<'de>>(
+                self,
+                mut seq: A,
+            ) -> Result<PgMsg, A::Error> {
+                use serde::de::Error;
+                let tag: u8 = seq
+                    .next_element()?
+                    .ok_or_else(|| A::Error::custom("pg: missing tag"))?;
+                let text: String = seq
+                    .next_element()?
+                    .ok_or_else(|| A::Error::custom("pg: missing name"))?;
+                match tag {
+                    0 => {
+                        let groups = seq
+                            .next_element()?
+                            .ok_or_else(|| A::Error::custom("pg: missing groups"))?;
+                        Ok(PgMsg::Sync { from: text, groups })
+                    }
+                    1 | 2 => {
+                        let pid = seq
+                            .next_element()?
+                            .ok_or_else(|| A::Error::custom("pg: missing pid"))?;
+                        Ok(if tag == 1 {
+                            PgMsg::Join { group: text, pid }
+                        } else {
+                            PgMsg::Leave { group: text, pid }
+                        })
+                    }
+                    t => Err(A::Error::custom(format!("pg: unknown tag {t}"))),
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        d.deserialize_tuple(3, V)
+    }
+}
+
+/// A member of a group as the cluster sees it: on this node (a plain
+/// [`Pid`], sendable locally) or on a peer (a [`RemotePid`], sendable via
+/// [`send_to_remote`](remote::send_to_remote)). `Pid` cannot hold a remote
+/// (D14), hence the two-variant shape.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum GroupMember {
+    Local(Pid),
+    Remote(RemotePid<Erased>),
+}
+
+/// Every member of `group` cluster-wide, in the store's order: local members
+/// filtered by the same liveness backstop as [`members`](crate::pg::members),
+/// remote members exactly as their origins last announced them. Must run
+/// inside [`run`](crate::run).
+pub fn members_all(group: &str) -> Vec<GroupMember> {
+    with_runtime(|inner| {
+        let me = inner.node_id;
+        let pg = inner.process_groups.lock();
+        pg.all_of(group)
+            .into_iter()
+            .filter_map(|m| {
+                if m.node == me {
+                    live(inner, m.pid).then_some(GroupMember::Local(m.pid))
+                } else {
+                    // A remote entry always has its node's name recorded
+                    // (they land under the same lock); a missing one is a
+                    // node already swept, so it hides rather than misnames.
+                    pg.node_name(m.node).map(|name| {
+                        GroupMember::Remote(RemotePid::from_parts(
+                            name,
+                            m.incarnation,
+                            m.pid.index(),
+                            m.pid.generation(),
+                        ))
+                    })
+                }
+            })
+            .collect()
+    })
+}
+
+/// One member of `group` cluster-wide, or `None` if it has none: the first
+/// entry in the store's order (this node's members in join order first when
+/// they joined first — the same stateless first-live scan as
+/// [`pick`](crate::pg::pick), extended over the peers' announced members).
+/// Must run inside [`run`](crate::run).
+pub fn pick_any(group: &str) -> Option<GroupMember> {
+    members_all(group).into_iter().next()
+}
+
+/// Why [`dispatch_any`] handed `msg` back.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum DispatchAnyError<M> {
+    /// The group has no member anywhere.
+    NoMember(M),
+    /// The pick was local and the local typed send failed.
+    Local(SendError<M>),
+    /// The pick was remote and the remote send failed at this node.
+    Remote(ToRemoteError<M>),
+}
+
+impl<M> DispatchAnyError<M> {
+    /// The undelivered message.
+    pub fn into_inner(self) -> M {
+        match self {
+            DispatchAnyError::NoMember(m) => m,
+            DispatchAnyError::Local(e) => e.into_inner(),
+            DispatchAnyError::Remote(e) => e.into_inner(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// [`pick_any`] and send in one step, returning the member reached: a local
+/// pick goes through [`send_to`], a remote one through [`send_to_remote`]
+/// (so `Ok` for a remote member means "handed to the connection", RFC 010
+/// §3). Homogeneous pool assumed, as for [`dispatch`](crate::pg::dispatch);
+/// a wrong `A` degrades to a clean error at the target, never a misroute.
+/// Must run inside [`run`](crate::run).
+pub fn dispatch_any<A>(group: &str, msg: A::Msg) -> Result<GroupMember, DispatchAnyError<A::Msg>>
+where
+    A: Addressable,
+    A::Msg: serde::Serialize,
+{
+    match pick_any(group) {
+        None => Err(DispatchAnyError::NoMember(msg)),
+        Some(GroupMember::Local(pid)) => send_to(assert_type::<A>(pid), msg)
+            .map(|()| GroupMember::Local(pid))
+            .map_err(DispatchAnyError::Local),
+        Some(GroupMember::Remote(rp)) => send_to_remote(rp.clone().assert_type::<A>(), msg)
+            .map(|()| GroupMember::Remote(rp))
+            .map_err(DispatchAnyError::Remote),
+    }
+}
+
+/// Attach the pg actor to the running cluster. Called once by
+/// `cluster::start` after the manager is up and the local identity is set;
+/// spawns the actor if this run has not joined anything yet.
+pub(crate) fn attach_cluster() {
+    let _ = reaper_inboxes().ctl.send(PgEvent::Attach);
+}
+
+/// The attached half of the actor's state: who is up (by name) and the
+/// membership stream.
+struct Attached {
+    events: MembershipEvents,
+    peers: HashMap<String, NodeInfo>,
+    /// This node's wire identity: `Sync`'s `from`, and the stamp on every
+    /// pid we ship (attach requires it, so no `None` path exists here).
+    me: String,
+    incarnation: Incarnation,
+}
+
+/// The pg actor: the c14 reaper (`deaths`), the local API's announcements
+/// (`ctl`), and — once attached — the membership stream and the exposed
+/// `"pg"` inbox, all in one drain-then-select loop. `deaths`/`ctl` closing
+/// is the run tearing down; the membership stream closing is the manager
+/// gone (detach, keep reaping).
+pub(crate) fn actor(deaths: Receiver<Down>, ctl: Receiver<PgEvent>) {
+    let (pg_tx, pg_rx) = channel::<PgMsg>();
+    let mut cl: Option<Attached> = None;
+    loop {
+        loop {
+            match deaths.try_recv() {
+                Ok(Some(down)) => on_death(cl.as_ref(), down.pid),
+                Ok(None) => break,
+                Err(_) => return,
+            }
+        }
+        loop {
+            match ctl.try_recv() {
+                Ok(Some(PgEvent::Attach)) => {
+                    // Own the name BEFORE subscribing (which yields to the
+                    // manager): a peer's first frame must find "pg" exposed
+                    // and resolvable, or it is dropped. Idempotent for a
+                    // re-attach: same actor, same channel (the registry
+                    // refuses a *second* live one).
+                    let _ = register(PG_NAME, pg_tx.clone());
+                    expose(PG_NAME);
+                    if let Some(a) = attach() {
+                        cl = Some(a);
+                    }
+                }
+                Ok(Some(PgEvent::Joined { group, pid })) => on_joined(cl.as_ref(), &group, pid),
+                Ok(Some(PgEvent::Left { group, pid })) => on_left(cl.as_ref(), &group, pid),
+                Ok(None) => break,
+                Err(_) => return,
+            }
+        }
+        if let Some(a) = cl.as_mut() {
+            if !drain_events(a) {
+                cl = None;
+                continue;
+            }
+            loop {
+                match pg_rx.try_recv() {
+                    Ok(Some(msg)) => on_msg(a, msg),
+                    Ok(None) => break,
+                    Err(_) => return, // our own inbox: only on teardown
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        // Wait. Control first (attach/teardown must be prompt), then deaths,
+        // then the cluster arms.
+        let mut arms: Vec<&dyn Selectable> = vec![&ctl, &deaths];
+        if let Some(a) = cl.as_ref() {
+            arms.push(&a.events.rx);
+            arms.push(&pg_rx);
+        }
+        let _ = select(&arms);
+    }
+}
+
+fn attach() -> Option<Attached> {
+    let events = subscribe()?;
+    let (me, incarnation) = local_identity()?;
+    Some(Attached {
+        events,
+        peers: HashMap::new(),
+        me,
+        incarnation,
+    })
+}
+
+/// Fold pending membership events: `NodeUp` ⇒ record + `Sync` that peer;
+/// `NodeDown` ⇒ sweep every member it announced. `false` when the stream
+/// has closed.
+fn drain_events(a: &mut Attached) -> bool {
+    loop {
+        match a.events.rx.try_recv() {
+            Ok(Some(NodeEvent::NodeUp(info))) => {
+                let name = info.name.clone();
+                a.peers.insert(name.clone(), info);
+                // Snapshot under the store lock, then stamp wire pids
+                // outside it (`from_local` marks watchable under the slot's
+                // cold lock — Leaf-on-Leaf nesting is asserted).
+                let local: Vec<(String, Vec<Pid>)> =
+                    with_runtime(|inner| inner.process_groups.lock().groups_on(inner.node_id));
+                let groups = local
+                    .into_iter()
+                    .map(|(g, pids)| (g, pids.into_iter().map(|p| wire(a, p)).collect()))
+                    .collect();
+                let msg = PgMsg::Sync {
+                    from: a.me.clone(),
+                    groups,
+                };
+                let _ = remote::send(RemoteName::new(name, PG_NAME), msg);
+            }
+            Ok(Some(NodeEvent::NodeDown(info))) => {
+                a.peers.remove(&info.name);
+                with_runtime(|inner| {
+                    let mut pg = inner.process_groups.lock();
+                    pg.remove_where(|m| m.node == info.node);
+                    pg.forget_node_name(info.node);
+                });
+            }
+            Ok(None) => return true,
+            Err(_) => return false,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Send `msg` to every up peer. `NotConnected` is ignored: that peer's
+/// `NodeDown` is on its way and its next `NodeUp` gets a `Sync`.
+fn broadcast(a: &Attached, msg: PgMsg) {
+    for name in a.peers.keys() {
+        let _ = remote::send(RemoteName::new(name.clone(), PG_NAME), msg.clone());
+    }
+}
+
+fn on_death(a: Option<&Attached>, pid: Pid) {
+    let evicted = sweep_local_death(pid);
+    if let Some(a) = a {
+        for (group, ms) in evicted {
+            broadcast(
+                a,
+                PgMsg::Leave {
+                    group,
+                    pid: wire(a, ms.member.pid),
+                },
+            );
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn on_joined(a: Option<&Attached>, group: &str, pid: Pid) {
+    let Some(a) = a else { return };
+    // Re-check: a leave/death may have overtaken the announcement.
+    let still = with_runtime(|inner| {
+        let m = member_for(inner, pid);
+        inner.process_groups.lock().contains(group, &m)
+    });
+    if still {
+        broadcast(
+            a,
+            PgMsg::Join {
+                group: group.to_owned(),
+                pid: wire(a, pid),
+            },
+        );
+    }
+}
+
+fn on_left(a: Option<&Attached>, group: &str, pid: Pid) {
+    let Some(a) = a else { return };
+    broadcast(
+        a,
+        PgMsg::Leave {
+            group: group.to_owned(),
+            pid: wire(a, pid),
+        },
+    );
+}
+
+/// The wire form of a local member pid, stamped with the identity the
+/// actor was attached with (marks watchable, like `from_local`).
+fn wire(a: &Attached, pid: Pid) -> RemotePid<Erased> {
+    RemotePid::from_local_at(pid, a.me.clone(), a.incarnation)
+}
+
+/// The named origin's `NodeInfo`, if it is up. A second look at the
+/// membership stream covers a `NodeUp` that landed after this loop
+/// iteration's drain; anything still unknown is a ghost and is dropped.
+fn origin(a: &mut Attached, name: &str) -> Option<NodeInfo> {
+    if let Some(i) = a.peers.get(name) {
+        return Some(i.clone());
+    }
+    drain_events(a);
+    a.peers.get(name).cloned()
+}
+
+/// `origin`, additionally requiring `pid` to be stamped with the origin's
+/// current incarnation — a pid from a previous life of that node is a ghost.
+fn origin_of(a: &mut Attached, pid: &RemotePid<Erased>) -> Option<NodeInfo> {
+    origin(a, pid.node()).filter(|i| i.incarnation == pid.incarnation())
+}
+
+fn remote_membership(origin: &NodeInfo, pid: &RemotePid<Erased>) -> Membership {
+    Membership {
+        member: Member {
+            node: origin.node,
+            incarnation: origin.incarnation,
+            pid: Pid::new(pid.index(), pid.generation()),
+        },
+        monitor: None,
+    }
+}
+
+fn on_msg(a: &mut Attached, msg: PgMsg) {
+    match msg {
+        PgMsg::Sync { from, groups } => {
+            let Some(info) = origin(a, &from) else { return };
+            with_runtime(|inner| {
+                let mut pg = inner.process_groups.lock();
+                pg.remove_where(|m| m.node == info.node);
+                pg.set_node_name(info.node, info.name.clone());
+                for (group, pids) in &groups {
+                    // Origin-authored: only its own current-incarnation pids.
+                    for p in pids
+                        .iter()
+                        .filter(|p| p.node() == from && p.incarnation() == info.incarnation)
+                    {
+                        pg.join(group, remote_membership(&info, p));
+                    }
+                }
+            });
+        }
+        PgMsg::Join { group, pid } => {
+            let Some(info) = origin_of(a, &pid) else {
+                return;
+            };
+            with_runtime(|inner| {
+                let mut pg = inner.process_groups.lock();
+                pg.set_node_name(info.node, info.name.clone());
+                pg.join(&group, remote_membership(&info, &pid));
+            });
+        }
+        PgMsg::Leave { group, pid } => {
+            let Some(info) = origin_of(a, &pid) else {
+                return;
+            };
+            with_runtime(|inner| {
+                let ms = remote_membership(&info, &pid);
+                inner.process_groups.lock().leave(&group, ms.member);
+            });
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::cluster::envelope::{decode_payload, encode_payload};
+
+    #[test]
+    fn pg_msg_roundtrips_every_variant() {
+        let p = RemotePid::<Erased>::from_parts("a", Incarnation::new(9), 3, 1);
+        for m in [
+            PgMsg::Sync {
+                from: "a".into(),
+                groups: vec![
+                    ("g".into(), vec![p.clone(), p.clone()]),
+                    ("h".into(), vec![]),
+                ],
+            },
+            PgMsg::Sync {
+                from: "a".into(),
+                groups: vec![],
+            },
+            PgMsg::Join {
+                group: "g".into(),
+                pid: p.clone(),
+            },
+            PgMsg::Leave {
+                group: "g".into(),
+                pid: p.clone(),
+            },
+        ] {
+            let bytes = encode_payload(&m).unwrap();
+            let back: PgMsg = decode_payload(&bytes).unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(back, m);
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn pg_msg_rejects_unknown_tag() {
+        let bytes = encode_payload(&(7u8, "x", 0u32)).unwrap();
+        assert!(decode_payload::<PgMsg>(&bytes).is_err());
+    }
+}

src/cluster/remote.rs

@@ -41,15 +41,41 @@
 //! Refusals are silent to the sender by design (§3: send failure reflects
 //! local knowledge only); they are observable locally as the returned
 //! [`InboundVerdict`], which the conn actor may log or count.
+//!
+//! ## Pids (c10, D14)
+//!
+//! [`RemotePid<A>`] = `(node_name, incarnation, index, generation)` +
+//! phantom — identity-bound, dead when that incarnation dies, never
+//! redirects. The node travels as its **name** (a global identifier, so a pid
+//! forwarded through a third node needs no re-mapping); NodeId is a local
+//! alias and never crosses. A local `Pid<A>` serializes *as* a `RemotePid`
+//! stamped from the ambient [local identity](set_local_identity); a
+//! `RemotePid` deserializes into `Pid<A>` only when it names this node (the
+//! collapse), else it is a decode error — fields that may hold a pid from
+//! anywhere are typed `RemotePid<A>`.
+//!
+//! [`send_to_remote`] is the pid-targeted send. A self-node pid short-
+//! circuits to the local typed send with the message object itself — no
+//! encode, no frame (zero-copy-equivalent). Otherwise the outbound table
+//! (widened to carry each node's **current incarnation**) does the RFC v2 §3
+//! check at the send site: a pid of a dead incarnation is
+//! [`ToRemoteError::DeadIncarnation`] and no frame is emitted. Inbound
+//! `Send` frames are delivered by index/generation through c8's
+//! [`decode_deliver`]: the target actor's published channel for the exposed
+//! type is the only route (the reply-to path requires
+//! [`expose_type`](crate::cluster::expose::expose_type) at the receiver).
 
+use std::cell::Cell;
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::marker::PhantomData;
 
-use crate::channel::Sender;
+use crate::channel::{channel, Receiver, RecvError, Selectable, Sender};
-use crate::cluster::envelope::{encode_payload, Frame, PayloadError};
+use crate::cluster::envelope::{encode_payload, Frame, PayloadError, RemoteDownReason};
 use crate::cluster::expose::{decode_deliver, exposed_hash, type_hash, DeliverError};
-use crate::pid::Name;
+use crate::monitor::{demonitor, monitor, Monitor, MonitorId};
-use crate::registry::whereis;
+use crate::pg::Incarnation;
+use crate::pid::{Addressable, Erased, Name, Pid};
+use crate::registry::{send_to, whereis, SendError};
 use crate::scheduler::with_runtime;
 
 /// A name on a specific remote node: `(node_name, Name<M>)`. Sendable via
@@ -111,26 +137,97 @@ impl<M> RemoteSendError<M> {
     }
 }
 
-/// The outbound table, one per runtime (a `RuntimeInner` field).
+/// The outbound table, one per runtime (a `RuntimeInner` field): per live
+/// node, its current incarnation (the RFC v2 §3 send-site check) and the
+/// connection's dedicated outbound sender. Plus this node's own wire
+/// identity, which pid serialization stamps.
 pub(crate) struct Outbound {
-    by_node: HashMap<String, Sender<Frame>>,
+    by_node: HashMap<String, Route>,
+    local: Option<(String, Incarnation)>,
+}
+
+/// One live connection as the outbound path sees it: the peer's current
+/// incarnation and the two inboxes of its connection actor — frames (c9)
+/// and monitor bookkeeping (c12, [`MonCmd`]).
+pub(crate) struct Route {
+    incarnation: Incarnation,
+    frames: Sender<Frame>,
+    monitors: Sender<MonCmd>,
 }
 
 impl Outbound {
     pub(crate) fn new() -> Self {
         Outbound {
             by_node: HashMap::new(),
+            local: None,
         }
     }
 }
 
-/// Manager-only: bind `node`'s outbound channel. Called inside `Register`.
+/// Set this node's wire identity — what serialized pids are stamped with
-pub(crate) fn bind_outbound(node: &str, tx: Sender<Frame>) {
+/// and what a `RemotePid` must name to collapse. `cluster::start` sets it;
+/// exposed for local tests. Must run inside [`run`](crate::run).
+pub fn set_local_identity(node: &str, incarnation: Incarnation) {
     with_runtime(|inner| {
-        inner.outbound.lock().by_node.insert(node.to_string(), tx);
+        inner.outbound.lock().local = Some((node.to_string(), incarnation));
     });
 }
 
+/// This node's wire identity, if set. Must run inside [`run`](crate::run).
+pub fn local_identity() -> Option<(String, Incarnation)> {
+    with_runtime(|inner| inner.outbound.lock().local.clone())
+}
+
+/// Manager-only: bind `node`'s outbound channels at `incarnation`. Called
+/// inside `Register`.
+pub(crate) fn bind_outbound(
+    node: &str,
+    incarnation: Incarnation,
+    frames: Sender<Frame>,
+    monitors: Sender<MonCmd>,
+) {
+    with_runtime(|inner| {
+        inner.outbound.lock().by_node.insert(
+            node.to_string(),
+            Route {
+                incarnation,
+                frames,
+                monitors,
+            },
+        );
+    });
+}
+
+/// Test probe: bind an arbitrary sender as `node`'s outbound so a test can
+/// assert what frames leave — or don't. Same table, same lookup as the real
+/// path (this is how "no frame emitted" is asserted at the frame level).
+/// Frames only: there is no connection actor behind a probe, so a
+/// [`monitor_remote`] against a probed node reports `Disconnected`.
+pub fn bind_outbound_probe(node: &str, incarnation: Incarnation, tx: Sender<Frame>) {
+    drop(bind_outbound_probe_with_monitors(node, incarnation, tx));
+}
+
+/// The monitor half of a probed node's inbox: opaque, held only to be
+/// dropped. See [`bind_outbound_probe_with_monitors`].
+pub struct MonitorInbox {
+    _rx: Receiver<MonCmd>,
+}
+
+/// Test probe: like [`bind_outbound_probe`], but the monitor-command
+/// receiver is handed back instead of dropped, so a test can stage the
+/// c13 drain gap — a `Monitor` command that reached the connection's inbox
+/// and dies unread when the inbox is dropped. While the inbox lives,
+/// [`monitor_remote`] against the probed node is simply in flight.
+pub fn bind_outbound_probe_with_monitors(
+    node: &str,
+    incarnation: Incarnation,
+    tx: Sender<Frame>,
+) -> MonitorInbox {
+    let (mon_tx, mon_rx) = channel();
+    bind_outbound(node, incarnation, tx, mon_tx);
+    MonitorInbox { _rx: mon_rx }
+}
+
 /// Manager-only: unbind `node`'s outbound channel. Called on `Disconnect`,
 /// reap, and manager shutdown. Dropping the sender is what closes the conn
 /// actor's outbound arm — but that arm's closure is NOT a stop signal (the
@@ -191,13 +288,249 @@ pub fn send_remote_raw(
 /// One lookup, one send. Clone the sender out under the lock and send
 /// outside it (a channel send can unpark the conn actor).
 fn hand_to_connection(node: &str, frame: Frame) -> Result<(), NotConnected> {
-    let tx = with_runtime(|inner| inner.outbound.lock().by_node.get(node).cloned());
+    let tx = with_runtime(|inner| {
+        inner
+            .outbound
+            .lock()
+            .by_node
+            .get(node)
+            .map(|r| r.frames.clone())
+    });
     match tx {
         Some(tx) => tx.send(frame).map_err(|_| NotConnected),
         None => Err(NotConnected),
     }
 }
 
+// ---- pids ---------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/// A pid on some node: `(node_name, incarnation, index, generation)` plus
+/// the actor type. See the module docs. Serializes as a 4-tuple.
+pub struct RemotePid<A> {
+    node: String,
+    incarnation: Incarnation,
+    index: u32,
+    generation: u32,
+    _marker: PhantomData<fn() -> A>,
+}
+
+impl<A> RemotePid<A> {
+    /// Build from raw parts (tests, and codecs re-hydrating a pid).
+    pub fn from_parts(
+        node: impl Into<String>,
+        incarnation: Incarnation,
+        index: u32,
+        generation: u32,
+    ) -> Self {
+        RemotePid {
+            node: node.into(),
+            incarnation,
+            index,
+            generation,
+            _marker: PhantomData,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// The wire form of a local pid, stamped with this node's identity, and
+    /// **marked watchable** — asking for the wire form *is* the intent to
+    /// ship the pid, so this is the same D12 set-site as `Pid::serialize`
+    /// (c12 made it explicit: a peer may monitor exactly the pids that
+    /// crossed, and a pid handed out via `from_local` in a hand-built reply
+    /// has crossed). Must run inside [`run`](crate::run).
+    ///
+    /// `None` when this runtime has no wire identity (no `cluster::start`,
+    /// no [`set_local_identity`]): such a pid cannot name a node, and a
+    /// stamped `("", 0)` would be dropped by every peer with no signal.
+    /// The pid is not marked watchable in that case either.
+    pub fn from_local(pid: Pid<A>) -> Option<Self> {
+        let (node, incarnation) = local_identity()?;
+        Some(Self::from_local_at(pid, node, incarnation))
+    }
+
+    /// `from_local` with the identity supplied by the caller — for a holder
+    /// that already carries the node's identity (the pg actor) and must not
+    /// have a `None` path. Marks watchable like `from_local`.
+    pub(crate) fn from_local_at(pid: Pid<A>, node: String, incarnation: Incarnation) -> Self {
+        crate::monitor::mark_watchable(pid);
+        RemotePid::from_parts(node, incarnation, pid.index(), pid.generation())
+    }
+
+    /// The collapse: `Some(local pid)` iff this pid names this very node
+    /// (name and incarnation). Must run inside [`run`](crate::run).
+    pub fn local(&self) -> Option<Pid<A>> {
+        let (n, i) = local_identity()?;
+        (n == self.node && i == self.incarnation)
+            .then(|| crate::pid::assert_type::<A>(Pid::new(self.index, self.generation)))
+    }
+
+    /// Drop the actor type: the untyped `RemotePid<Erased>`, the form
+    /// [`RemoteDown`] and [`RemoteMonitor`] carry (mirrors [`Pid::erase`]).
+    pub fn erase(self) -> RemotePid<Erased> {
+        RemotePid::from_parts(self.node, self.incarnation, self.index, self.generation)
+    }
+
+    /// Re-type an erased pid as `RemotePid<B>` — the unchecked mirror of
+    /// `pid::assert_type`, with the same degradation: a wrong `B` means the
+    /// target refuses the payload's hash (never a misroute).
+    pub(crate) fn assert_type<B>(self) -> RemotePid<B> {
+        RemotePid::from_parts(self.node, self.incarnation, self.index, self.generation)
+    }
+
+    pub fn node(&self) -> &str {
+        &self.node
+    }
+    pub fn incarnation(&self) -> Incarnation {
+        self.incarnation
+    }
+    pub fn index(&self) -> u32 {
+        self.index
+    }
+    pub fn generation(&self) -> u32 {
+        self.generation
+    }
+}
+
+impl<A> Clone for RemotePid<A> {
+    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+        RemotePid::from_parts(
+            self.node.clone(),
+            self.incarnation,
+            self.index,
+            self.generation,
+        )
+    }
+}
+impl<A> PartialEq for RemotePid<A> {
+    fn eq(&self, o: &Self) -> bool {
+        self.node == o.node
+            && self.incarnation == o.incarnation
+            && self.index == o.index
+            && self.generation == o.generation
+    }
+}
+impl<A> Eq for RemotePid<A> {}
+impl<A> std::fmt::Debug for RemotePid<A> {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        write!(
+            f,
+            "<{}.{}@{}#{}>",
+            self.index,
+            self.generation,
+            self.node,
+            self.incarnation.get()
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+impl<A> serde::Serialize for RemotePid<A> {
+    fn serialize<S: serde::Serializer>(&self, s: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error> {
+        (
+            self.node.as_str(),
+            self.incarnation.get(),
+            self.index,
+            self.generation,
+        )
+            .serialize(s)
+    }
+}
+impl<'de, A> serde::Deserialize<'de> for RemotePid<A> {
+    fn deserialize<D: serde::Deserializer<'de>>(d: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error> {
+        let (node, inc, index, generation) = <(String, u32, u32, u32)>::deserialize(d)?;
+        Ok(RemotePid::from_parts(
+            node,
+            Incarnation::new(inc),
+            index,
+            generation,
+        ))
+    }
+}
+
+/// Why a pid-targeted send did not leave this node. Local knowledge only.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum ToRemoteError<M> {
+    /// No live connection to the pid's node.
+    NotConnected(M),
+    /// The pid's incarnation is not that node's current one (RFC v2 §3): the
+    /// actor died with its incarnation. Detected at the send site; no frame.
+    DeadIncarnation(M),
+    /// The payload did not serialize.
+    Encode(M, PayloadError),
+    /// The pid collapsed to a local one and the local typed send failed.
+    Local(SendError<M>),
+}
+
+impl<M> ToRemoteError<M> {
+    /// The undelivered message.
+    pub fn into_inner(self) -> M {
+        match self {
+            ToRemoteError::NotConnected(m)
+            | ToRemoteError::DeadIncarnation(m)
+            | ToRemoteError::Encode(m, _) => m,
+            ToRemoteError::Local(e) => e.into_inner(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Send `msg` to a pid, wherever it lives. Self-node pids short-circuit to
+/// the local typed send with `msg` itself (no encode, no frame); others go
+/// out as a `Send` frame after the incarnation check. `Ok(())` for a remote
+/// target = handed to the connection's inbox. Must run inside
+/// [`run`](crate::run).
+pub fn send_to_remote<A>(target: RemotePid<A>, msg: A::Msg) -> Result<(), ToRemoteError<A::Msg>>
+where
+    A: Addressable,
+    A::Msg: serde::Serialize,
+{
+    if let Some(local) = target.local() {
+        return send_to(local, msg).map_err(ToRemoteError::Local);
+    }
+    let route = with_runtime(|inner| {
+        inner
+            .outbound
+            .lock()
+            .by_node
+            .get(&target.node)
+            .map(|r| (r.incarnation, r.frames.clone()))
+    });
+    let (current, tx) = match route {
+        Some(r) => r,
+        None => return Err(ToRemoteError::NotConnected(msg)),
+    };
+    if current != target.incarnation {
+        return Err(ToRemoteError::DeadIncarnation(msg));
+    }
+    let payload = match encode_payload(&msg) {
+        Ok(p) => p,
+        Err(e) => return Err(ToRemoteError::Encode(msg, e)),
+    };
+    let frame = Frame::Send {
+        index: target.index,
+        generation: target.generation,
+        type_hash: type_hash::<A::Msg>(),
+        payload,
+    };
+    tx.send(frame).map_err(|_| ToRemoteError::NotConnected(msg))
+}
+
+/// The inbound `Send` seam: deliver `payload` under `type_hash` to the local
+/// actor `(index, generation)`. Node and incarnation are implicit in the
+/// connection (bound at handshake) — the frame carries only the slot
+/// identity. Delivery goes through c8's decoder table, so only types the
+/// receiver has [`expose_type`](crate::cluster::expose::expose_type)d (or
+/// exposed by name) can land; anything else is refused, never misrouted.
+pub fn deliver_to_pid(
+    index: u32,
+    generation: u32,
+    type_hash: u64,
+    payload: &[u8],
+) -> InboundVerdict {
+    let pid = Pid::new(index, generation);
+    match decode_deliver(type_hash, pid, payload) {
+        Ok(()) => InboundVerdict::Delivered,
+        Err(e) => InboundVerdict::Refused(e),
+    }
+}
+
 /// What the inbound seam did with a `SendNamed`. Local observability only;
 /// nothing goes back on the wire (RFC §3).
 #[derive(Debug)]
@@ -217,6 +550,20 @@ pub enum InboundVerdict {
     Refused(DeliverError),
 }
 
+impl InboundVerdict {
+    /// A short static label for tracing/counting (`smarm-trace` records one
+    /// `ClusterInbound` event per frame with it).
+    pub fn label(&self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            InboundVerdict::Delivered => "delivered",
+            InboundVerdict::NotExposed => "not_exposed",
+            InboundVerdict::HashMismatch { .. } => "hash_mismatch",
+            InboundVerdict::Unresolved => "unresolved",
+            InboundVerdict::Refused(_) => "refused",
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 /// THE inbound resolution seam: exposed-set check → hash check → registry
 /// resolution → c8 delivery. See the module docs. Must run inside
 /// [`run`](crate::run) — the conn actor's context.
@@ -238,3 +585,251 @@ pub fn deliver_named(name: &str, type_hash: u64, payload: &[u8]) -> InboundVerdi
         Err(e) => InboundVerdict::Refused(e),
     }
 }
+
+// ---- monitors (c12) -----------------------------------------------------
+
+/// Bookkeeping commands from [`monitor_remote`]/[`demonitor_remote`] to the
+/// connection actor that owns the link to the target's node. The actor
+/// records the registration and *then* emits the `Monitor` frame itself, so
+/// a `Down` can never arrive at a table that does not yet know the id. It
+/// lives in the actor (not on `RuntimeInner`) so the bookkeeping dies with
+/// the connection — exactly what c13 needs to synthesize `Disconnected`.
+pub(crate) enum MonCmd {
+    Monitor {
+        id: MonitorId,
+        target: RemotePid<Erased>,
+        tx: Sender<RemoteDown>,
+    },
+    Demonitor {
+        id: MonitorId,
+    },
+}
+
+/// A remotely-monitored actor's termination notice — the cluster analog of
+/// [`Down`](crate::monitor::Down), with the pid in its wire form because it
+/// may name any node.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct RemoteDown {
+    /// The pid that was being monitored.
+    pub pid: RemotePid<Erased>,
+    /// How it went down. `Disconnected` means the *link* to its node was
+    /// lost (or absent) — nothing is known about the actor itself.
+    pub reason: RemoteDownReason,
+}
+
+enum Watch {
+    /// The target collapsed to this node: an ordinary local monitor,
+    /// translated on read.
+    Local(Monitor),
+    /// The target is elsewhere: the connection actor for its node holds the
+    /// registration and forwards the peer's `Down` frame here. The
+    /// `RemoteState` is the read-side backstop (c13): a channel that closes
+    /// while `Live` — the connection died with our command unread — reads
+    /// as `Disconnected` once; afterwards, and after a cancel, closed is
+    /// just closed.
+    Remote(Receiver<RemoteDown>, Cell<RemoteState>),
+}
+
+/// Where a remote-watch stands from the reader's side.
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+enum RemoteState {
+    /// No notice yet, not cancelled: a closed channel means `Disconnected`.
+    Live,
+    /// The one notice has been read (or synthesized): nothing more is due.
+    Done,
+    /// `demonitor_remote` ran: never synthesize.
+    Cancelled,
+}
+
+/// A live remote monitor: read its one [`RemoteDown`] with
+/// [`recv`](RemoteMonitor::recv)/[`try_recv`](RemoteMonitor::try_recv), or
+/// fold it into a `select` via [`arm`](RemoteMonitor::arm). Distinct from
+/// [`Monitor`] on purpose: its target is a [`RemotePid`], its notice a
+/// [`RemoteDown`], and it can report `Disconnected` — none of which a local
+/// monitor can express. Dropping it discards an unread notice, like the
+/// local one; after [`demonitor_remote`] the channel is closed and empty, so
+/// `recv` errs rather than parking — also like the local one.
+///
+/// Exactly one notice is guaranteed even if the connection actor dies with
+/// the registration unread (the c13 drain gap): a channel that closes
+/// before any notice — and before any cancel — reads as `Disconnected`,
+/// once. The next read is the ordinary closed-channel `Err`.
+pub struct RemoteMonitor {
+    /// This registration's process-unique id — minted here, echoed by the
+    /// peer in its `Down` frame.
+    pub id: MonitorId,
+    /// The pid being monitored.
+    pub target: RemotePid<Erased>,
+    watch: Watch,
+}
+
+impl RemoteMonitor {
+    /// Block (cooperatively) for the notice.
+    pub fn recv(&self) -> Result<RemoteDown, RecvError> {
+        match &self.watch {
+            Watch::Local(m) => m.rx.recv().map(|d| RemoteDown {
+                pid: self.target.clone(),
+                reason: d.reason.into(),
+            }),
+            Watch::Remote(rx, st) => match rx.recv() {
+                Ok(d) => {
+                    st.set(RemoteState::Done);
+                    Ok(d)
+                }
+                Err(e) => self.closed(st).ok_or(e),
+            },
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// The notice if it has arrived; `Ok(None)` if not yet.
+    pub fn try_recv(&self) -> Result<Option<RemoteDown>, RecvError> {
+        match &self.watch {
+            Watch::Local(m) => m.rx.try_recv().map(|o| {
+                o.map(|d| RemoteDown {
+                    pid: self.target.clone(),
+                    reason: d.reason.into(),
+                })
+            }),
+            Watch::Remote(rx, st) => match rx.try_recv() {
+                Ok(Some(d)) => {
+                    st.set(RemoteState::Done);
+                    Ok(Some(d))
+                }
+                Ok(None) => Ok(None),
+                Err(e) => self.closed(st).map(Some).ok_or(e),
+            },
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// The channel closed. While `Live` — no notice yet, no cancel — that
+    /// is the connection having died with our registration unread, so
+    /// synthesize the one `Disconnected` and mark `Done`; otherwise closed
+    /// is just closed.
+    fn closed(&self, st: &Cell<RemoteState>) -> Option<RemoteDown> {
+        if st.get() != RemoteState::Live {
+            return None;
+        }
+        st.set(RemoteState::Done);
+        Some(RemoteDown {
+            pid: self.target.clone(),
+            reason: RemoteDownReason::Disconnected,
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// The selectable arm: readiness means [`try_recv`](Self::try_recv)
+    /// will yield the notice.
+    pub fn arm(&self) -> &dyn Selectable {
+        match &self.watch {
+            Watch::Local(m) => &m.rx,
+            Watch::Remote(rx, _) => rx,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Debug for RemoteMonitor {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        f.debug_struct("RemoteMonitor")
+            .field("id", &self.id)
+            .field("target", &self.target)
+            .finish_non_exhaustive()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Monitor `target`, wherever it lives. Exactly one [`RemoteDown`] arrives:
+///
+/// - self-node pid ⇒ an ordinary local monitor underneath (same NoProc rule);
+/// - no live connection to the pid's node ⇒ `Disconnected`, queued at once
+///   (the remote analog of NoProc: nothing can be known);
+/// - the pid's incarnation is not the node's current one ⇒ `NoProc`, queued
+///   at once — the node is *known* to have restarted, so its actor is a
+///   corpse, not a partition (RFC v2 §3);
+/// - otherwise the connection actor registers the id and sends `Monitor`;
+///   the peer answers with the true terminal reason on exit, or immediately
+///   with the recorded reason for a corpse (`terminal_reason`, RFC §6) or
+///   `NoProc` for a pid it never exposed and never shipped.
+///
+/// The connection dropping while the monitor is outstanding delivers
+/// `Disconnected` (c13): the connection actor synthesizes it on teardown,
+/// and the monitor's own read path backstops the case where the actor died
+/// with the registration still unread. Must run inside [`run`](crate::run).
+pub fn monitor_remote<A>(target: RemotePid<A>) -> RemoteMonitor {
+    if let Some(local) = target.local() {
+        let m = monitor(local);
+        return RemoteMonitor {
+            id: m.id,
+            target: target.erase(),
+            watch: Watch::Local(m),
+        };
+    }
+    let target = target.erase();
+    let (id, route) = with_runtime(|inner| {
+        let id = inner.alloc_monitor_id();
+        let route = inner
+            .outbound
+            .lock()
+            .by_node
+            .get(&target.node)
+            .map(|r| (r.incarnation, r.monitors.clone()));
+        (id, route)
+    });
+    let (tx, rx) = channel::<RemoteDown>();
+    let immediate = match route {
+        None => Some(RemoteDownReason::Disconnected),
+        Some((current, _)) if current != target.incarnation => {
+            Some(RemoteDownReason::Local(crate::monitor::DownReason::NoProc))
+        }
+        Some((_, mon_tx)) => {
+            let cmd = MonCmd::Monitor {
+                id,
+                target: target.clone(),
+                tx: tx.clone(),
+            };
+            match mon_tx.send(cmd) {
+                Ok(()) => None,
+                Err(_) => Some(RemoteDownReason::Disconnected), // actor already gone
+            }
+        }
+    };
+    if let Some(reason) = immediate {
+        let _ = tx.send(RemoteDown {
+            pid: target.clone(),
+            reason,
+        });
+    }
+    RemoteMonitor {
+        id,
+        target,
+        watch: Watch::Remote(rx, Cell::new(RemoteState::Live)),
+    }
+}
+
+/// Cancel `m`. No future notice will be *sent* for it; a notice already in
+/// flight from the peer is dropped on arrival, and one already sitting in
+/// `m` is discarded when `m` is dropped (same contract as
+/// [`demonitor`]). Unlike the local form this returns nothing: the
+/// registration is owned by the connection actor, so whether the `Down`
+/// beat the cancel is not local knowledge. Must run inside
+/// [`run`](crate::run).
+pub fn demonitor_remote(m: &RemoteMonitor) {
+    match &m.watch {
+        Watch::Local(local) => {
+            let _ = demonitor(local);
+        }
+        Watch::Remote(_, st) => {
+            // Cancel first: a channel closing after this is closed, not a
+            // Disconnected notice — the caller asked for silence.
+            st.set(RemoteState::Cancelled);
+            let mon_tx = with_runtime(|inner| {
+                inner
+                    .outbound
+                    .lock()
+                    .by_node
+                    .get(&m.target.node)
+                    .map(|r| r.monitors.clone())
+            });
+            if let Some(mon_tx) = mon_tx {
+                let _ = mon_tx.send(MonCmd::Demonitor { id: m.id });
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

src/monitor.rs

@@ -146,16 +146,32 @@ pub struct Monitor {
 pub fn monitor<A>(target: Pid<A>) -> Monitor {
     let target = target.erase();
     let (tx, rx) = channel::<Down>();
+    let id = with_runtime(|inner| inner.alloc_monitor_id());
+    if !register_monitor(target, id, &tx) {
+        let _ = tx.send(Down {
+            pid: target,
+            reason: DownReason::NoProc,
+        });
+    }
+    Monitor { id, target, rx }
+}
 
-    // Implementation note: registration happens under the target's cold
+/// Register a monitor `id` on `target` that delivers its `Down` to `tx` — the
-    // lock. `tx.clone()` takes the channel's own lock, a Channel-class
+/// primitive under [`monitor`], split out so a caller can fan many monitors
-    // RawMutex, which is explicitly permitted under a Leaf (cold) lock by
+/// into ONE channel (process groups: every membership's death lands on the
-    // the lock order documented in raw_mutex.rs. We must still not *send*
+/// reaper's single inbox). Returns `false` if `target` is already gone, in
-    // under the lock, since `Sender::send` can unpark a parked receiver,
+/// which case nothing is registered and the caller decides what to queue
-    // and there's no reason to nest that.
+/// (`monitor` sends `NoProc`). The caller allocates `id` up front so it can
-    let (id, registered) = with_runtime(|inner| {
+/// record the registration *before* arming it.
-        let id = inner.alloc_monitor_id();
+///
-        let registered = match inner.slot_at(target) {
+/// Implementation note: registration happens under the target's cold lock.
+/// `tx.clone()` takes the channel's own lock, a Channel-class RawMutex, which
+/// is explicitly permitted under a Leaf (cold) lock by the lock order
+/// documented in raw_mutex.rs. We must still not *send* under the lock, since
+/// `Sender::send` can unpark a parked receiver, and there's no reason to nest
+/// that.
+pub(crate) fn register_monitor(target: Pid, id: MonitorId, tx: &Sender<Down>) -> bool {
+    with_runtime(|inner| match inner.slot_at(target) {
         Some(slot) => {
             let mut cold = slot.cold.lock();
             if slot.is_live_for(target) {
@@ -166,18 +182,30 @@ pub fn monitor<A>(target: Pid<A>) -> Monitor {
             }
         }
         None => false,
-        };
+    })
-        (id, registered)
-    });
-
-    if !registered {
-        let _ = tx.send(Down {
-            pid: target,
-            reason: DownReason::NoProc,
-        });
 }
 
-    Monitor { id, target, rx }
+/// Remove registration `id` from `target` — the primitive under
+/// [`demonitor`], for callers that hold only the id (see
+/// [`register_monitor`]). `None` if the registration is not there: already
+/// fired, already removed, or the slot has moved on to a new tenant.
+///
+/// The registration is removed under the target's cold lock, but the
+/// `Sender` is moved *out* and dropped only after the lock is released.
+/// Dropping the last sender runs `Sender::drop`, which may unpark a parked
+/// receiver; legal under a cold lock, but pointless to nest.
+pub(crate) fn unregister_monitor(target: Pid, id: MonitorId) -> Option<MonitorId> {
+    let removed: Option<(MonitorId, Sender<Down>)> = with_runtime(|inner| {
+        let slot = inner.slot_at(target)?;
+        let mut cold = slot.cold.lock();
+        if slot.generation() != target.generation() {
+            return None; // slot reused; the Down already fired
+        }
+        let pos = cold.monitors.iter().position(|(mid, _)| *mid == id)?;
+        Some(cold.monitors.remove(pos))
+    });
+    // `removed`'s sender drops here, outside the lock.
+    removed.map(|(id, _sender)| id)
 }
 
 /// Flag `target`'s tenancy as watchable: its death will stamp the slot's
@@ -210,6 +238,23 @@ pub fn mark_watchable<A>(target: Pid<A>) {
     });
 }
 
+/// Whether `target` is live *and* its tenancy is watchable. The cluster's
+/// remote-monitor admission check (RFC 010 c12): a peer may monitor a pid only
+/// if that pid was exposed or crossed the wire (the D12 set-sites), and a
+/// live-but-unwatchable pid answers exactly like a dead one — no liveness leak
+/// beyond what `watchable` already grants. Same context contract as
+/// [`monitor`].
+#[cfg(feature = "cluster")]
+pub(crate) fn is_watchable<A>(target: Pid<A>) -> bool {
+    let target = target.erase();
+    with_runtime(|inner| {
+        inner.slot_at(target).is_some_and(|slot| {
+            let cold = slot.cold.lock();
+            slot.is_live_for(target) && cold.watchable
+        })
+    })
+}
+
 /// The terminal [`DownReason`] of the tenancy `target` names, if that tenancy
 /// ever registered a name and is the *most recent named* death of its slot:
 /// finalize stamps the slot with `(generation, reason)` for once-registered
@@ -249,20 +294,5 @@ pub fn terminal_reason<A>(target: Pid<A>) -> Option<DownReason> {
 /// instead of, or in addition to, calling this: dropping the [`Monitor`]
 /// closes its receiver and any queued notice is discarded with it.
 pub fn demonitor(m: &Monitor) -> Option<MonitorId> {
-    // Implementation note: the registration is removed under the target's
+    unregister_monitor(m.target, m.id)
-    // cold lock, but the `Sender` is moved *out* and dropped only after the
-    // lock is released. Dropping the last sender runs `Sender::drop`, which
-    // may unpark a parked receiver; legal under a cold lock, but pointless
-    // to nest.
-    let removed: Option<(MonitorId, Sender<Down>)> = with_runtime(|inner| {
-        let slot = inner.slot_at(m.target)?;
-        let mut cold = slot.cold.lock();
-        if slot.generation() != m.target.generation() {
-            return None; // slot reused; the Down already fired
-        }
-        let pos = cold.monitors.iter().position(|(mid, _)| *mid == m.id)?;
-        Some(cold.monitors.remove(pos))
-    });
-    // `removed`'s sender drops here, outside the lock.
-    removed.map(|(id, _sender)| id)
 }

src/pg.rs

@@ -99,10 +99,13 @@
 //! ## Identity and clustering
 //!
 //! A group member is described by a [`Member`] — a [`Pid`] plus a [`NodeId`] and
-//! an [`Incarnation`]. Today everything is single-node, those two fields are
+//! an [`Incarnation`]. Everything on this page is **local**: you pass and
-//! fixed defaults, and you only ever pass and receive a plain [`Pid`]: the extra
+//! receive plain [`Pid`]s, and [`members`] / [`pick`] / [`dispatch`] only ever
-//! identity is carried so this API will not have to change when groups learn to
+//! name actors on this node (Erlang's `get_local_members`). With the `cluster`
-//! span a cluster.
+//! feature a group also holds the members other nodes have announced, carried
+//! under their [`NodeId`]; those never surface here — the cluster-wide reads
+//! live in [`cluster::pg`](crate::cluster::pg) (`members_all` and friends) and
+//! return a `Local | Remote` member type, since a [`Pid`] cannot hold a remote.
 //!
 //! ## Running context
 //!
@@ -110,10 +113,11 @@
 //! from inside [`run`](crate::run) (that is, on an actor thread). Calling one
 //! from outside a running runtime panics.
 
-use crate::monitor::{demonitor, monitor, Monitor};
+use crate::channel::{channel, Sender};
+use crate::monitor::{register_monitor, unregister_monitor, Down, DownReason, MonitorId};
 use crate::pid::{assert_type, Addressable, Pid};
 use crate::registry::{send_to, SendError};
-use crate::scheduler::with_runtime;
+use crate::scheduler::{spawn_under, with_runtime};
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 
 /// A cluster node handle. A `u32` integer handle, *not* an interned atom — the
@@ -186,13 +190,15 @@ pub struct Member {
     pub pid: Pid,
 }
 
-/// One membership: a [`Member`] and the [`Monitor`] that watches its liveness.
+/// One membership: a [`Member`] and the id of the monitor that watches its
-/// The monitor lives *alongside* the group entry so a group is
+/// liveness. The monitor's `Down` is delivered to the group reaper's single
-/// self-contained: draining the membership tells us whether the member is
+/// inbox (see [`ProcessGroups::deaths`]), so the membership carries only what
-/// still alive, and dropping the membership drops its monitor.
+/// [`leave`] needs to tear the registration down: the id.
-struct Membership {
+pub(crate) struct Membership {
-    member: Member,
+    pub(crate) member: Member,
-    monitor: Monitor,
+    /// `None` for a remote member (cluster): the origin node is its liveness
+    /// authority; nothing here watches it.
+    pub(crate) monitor: Option<MonitorId>,
 }
 
 /// The store: `name → multiset<Member>`. Within a single group a `Member`
@@ -202,46 +208,60 @@ struct Membership {
 ///
 /// Locking discipline. Held under one Leaf-class `RawMutex` on `RuntimeInner`,
 /// mirroring the registry, and never held together with another Leaf lock (it
-/// never touches the registry or a slot's cold lock). The two operations that
+/// never touches the registry or a slot's cold lock). Monitor registration and
-/// do need another lock are kept off the group-lock path:
+/// removal take the target's cold lock (also Leaf), so they run *before* /
+/// *after* the group lock, never under it — see [`join`] for the ordering that
+/// makes that safe. Nothing under this lock ever touches a channel.
 ///
-///   - `monitor()` / `demonitor()` take the target's cold lock (also Leaf), so
+/// Eviction is *eager*: every membership's monitor delivers to the one
-///     they run *before* / *after* the group lock, never under it.
+/// `deaths` channel, drained by a per-run reaper actor that sweeps the dead
-///   - draining a monitor with `try_recv` takes the channel's Channel-class
+/// pid out of every group the moment its `Down` is scheduled. The read path
-///     lock, which the lock order permits *under* a Leaf; a channel critical
+/// keeps a slot-liveness backstop for the window between a death and the
-///     section only does the lock-free unpark protocol, so no Leaf ever nests
+/// reaper's turn.
-///     under it.
-///
-/// Evicted and rejected [`Monitor`]s are therefore dropped only *after* the
-/// group lock is released, so a receiver-drop never runs a wakeup under the
-/// lock — the same discipline as `demonitor`.
 pub(crate) struct ProcessGroups {
     groups: HashMap<String, Vec<Membership>>,
+    /// The reaper's inboxes: every membership monitor is registered against
+    /// a clone of `deaths`. `None` until the first `join` of a run spawns
+    /// the reaper; a stale one (receiver gone with the previous run's
+    /// teardown) is detected via `receiver_alive` and replaced.
+    reaper: Option<ReaperInboxes>,
+    /// `NodeId → node name` for every peer with members in the store, kept
+    /// by the pg actor under this lock, so a stored remote member can be
+    /// rendered back to its wire identity without asking anyone.
+    #[cfg(feature = "cluster")]
+    node_names: HashMap<NodeId, String>,
 }
 
 impl ProcessGroups {
     pub(crate) fn new() -> Self {
         Self {
             groups: HashMap::new(),
+            reaper: None,
+            #[cfg(feature = "cluster")]
+            node_names: HashMap::new(),
         }
     }
 
-    /// Insert `ms` into `group`. Idempotent on the *member*: if the member is
+    /// Forget the reaper. Called at the start of every `run()` so a stopped
-    /// already present the new membership is handed back (`Some`) so the caller
+    /// reaper from a previous run is never sent to; `join` respawns.
-    /// can tear its now-redundant monitor down outside the lock; `None` means
+    pub(crate) fn reset_reaper(&mut self) {
-    /// it was inserted.
+        self.reaper = None;
-    fn join(&mut self, group: &str, ms: Membership) -> Option<Membership> {
+    }
+
+    /// Insert `ms` into `group`. Idempotent on the *member*: `false` means the
+    /// member was already present and nothing changed; `true` means inserted.
+    pub(crate) fn join(&mut self, group: &str, ms: Membership) -> bool {
         let v = self.groups.entry(group.to_owned()).or_default();
         if v.iter().any(|e| e.member == ms.member) {
-            return Some(ms);
+            return false;
         }
         v.push(ms);
-        None
+        true
     }
 
     /// Remove `member`'s membership from `group`, returning it (so the caller
-    /// can `demonitor` it outside the lock). An emptied group is pruned.
+    /// can unregister its monitor outside the lock). An emptied group is pruned.
-    fn leave(&mut self, group: &str, member: Member) -> Option<Membership> {
+    pub(crate) fn leave(&mut self, group: &str, member: Member) -> Option<Membership> {
         let v = self.groups.get_mut(group)?;
         let pos = v.iter().position(|e| e.member == member)?;
         let removed = v.remove(pos);
@@ -252,20 +272,23 @@ impl ProcessGroups {
     }
 
     /// The one dumb eviction primitive: drop every member matching `pred` from
-    /// every group, pruning emptied groups, and return the evicted memberships'
+    /// every group, pruning emptied groups, and return the evicted
-    /// monitors for the caller to drop outside the lock. The primitive does not
+    /// memberships with the group each was in. The primitive does not know
-    /// know *why* a member leaves; that is the caller's concern. Its callers are
+    /// *why* a member leaves; that is the caller's concern. Its callers are
-    /// the death hook (`reap_group`) and, once clustering lands, an
+    /// the reaper (a local death) and the cluster's node-down / re-sync
-    /// incarnation-eviction sweep — both over this same predicate path, which is
+    /// sweeps — all over this same predicate path, which is the whole reason
-    /// the whole reason to shape eviction as a predicate. Insertion order within
+    /// to shape eviction as a predicate. Insertion order within a group is
-    /// a group is preserved (`members` / `pick` are order-stable).
+    /// preserved (`members` / `pick` are order-stable).
-    fn remove_where(&mut self, mut pred: impl FnMut(&Member) -> bool) -> Vec<Monitor> {
+    pub(crate) fn remove_where(
+        &mut self,
+        mut pred: impl FnMut(&Member) -> bool,
+    ) -> Vec<(String, Membership)> {
         let mut evicted = Vec::new();
-        self.groups.retain(|_, v| {
+        self.groups.retain(|g, v| {
             let mut i = 0;
             while i < v.len() {
                 if pred(&v[i].member) {
-                    evicted.push(v.remove(i).monitor);
+                    evicted.push((g.clone(), v.remove(i)));
                 } else {
                     i += 1;
                 }
@@ -275,38 +298,6 @@ impl ProcessGroups {
         evicted
     }
 
-    /// Drain-on-contact death hook. The registry can prune a stale binding
-    /// lazily, on contact, because it only ever resolves one binding at a time;
-    /// a group is *iterated* — `members` fans out to everyone — so it must not
-    /// carry a dead member across a broadcast. Every group operation reaps the
-    /// group it touches first.
-    ///
-    /// Drains every membership monitor in `group` with a non-blocking
-    /// `try_recv`: a delivered `Down` (any reason) or a closed channel means
-    /// that member is dead. On the first death detected, sweep *all* of the
-    /// dead pids out of *every* group via [`remove_where`] — a death is removed
-    /// from each group it joined, not just the one being touched. Returns the
-    /// evicted monitors to drop outside the lock.
-    fn reap_group(&mut self, group: &str) -> Vec<Monitor> {
-        let dead: Vec<Pid> = {
-            let Some(v) = self.groups.get(group) else {
-                return Vec::new();
-            };
-            v.iter()
-                .filter_map(|e| match e.monitor.rx.try_recv() {
-                    // A Down arrived, or the channel closed and drained: dead.
-                    Ok(Some(_)) | Err(_) => Some(e.member.pid),
-                    // Empty but open — the sender still lives in the slot: alive.
-                    Ok(None) => None,
-                })
-                .collect()
-        };
-        if dead.is_empty() {
-            return Vec::new();
-        }
-        self.remove_where(|m| dead.contains(&m.pid))
-    }
-
     /// Raw enumeration of a group's members — no liveness filtering. Used by
     /// tests to assert storage state independently of the read-path backstop.
     #[cfg(test)]
@@ -317,16 +308,24 @@ impl ProcessGroups {
             .unwrap_or_default()
     }
 
-    /// Live members of `group`, in insertion order. The `is_live` oracle is the
+    /// Live members of `group` **on `node`**, in insertion order. The
-    /// read-path backstop: a member whose slot is already dead is
+    /// `is_live` oracle is the read-path backstop: a member whose slot is
-    /// dropped from the *result* even if its `Down` has not been drained yet.
+    /// already dead is dropped from the *result* even if the reaper has not
-    /// Backstop only — the entry stays in storage; eviction is the monitor's
+    /// swept it yet. Backstop only — the entry stays in storage; eviction is
-    /// job (`reap_group`).
+    /// the reaper's job. The node filter is what keeps the local API local:
-    fn members_where(&self, group: &str, mut is_live: impl FnMut(Pid) -> bool) -> Vec<Pid> {
+    /// a remote member's `pid` is another node's slot bits, meaningless to
+    /// `is_live` and to any local send.
+    fn members_where(
+        &self,
+        group: &str,
+        node: NodeId,
+        mut is_live: impl FnMut(Pid) -> bool,
+    ) -> Vec<Pid> {
         self.groups
             .get(group)
             .map(|v| {
                 v.iter()
+                    .filter(|e| e.member.node == node)
                     .map(|e| e.member.pid)
                     .filter(|&p| is_live(p))
                     .collect()
@@ -334,19 +333,210 @@ impl ProcessGroups {
             .unwrap_or_default()
     }
 
-    /// The first live member of `group` in insertion order — stateless
+    /// The first live member of `group` on `node` in insertion order —
-    /// first-live `pick`, with the same read-path backstop as `members_where`.
+    /// stateless first-live `pick`, with the same read-path backstop and node
-    fn first_member_where(&self, group: &str, mut is_live: impl FnMut(Pid) -> bool) -> Option<Pid> {
+    /// filter as `members_where`.
+    fn first_member_where(
+        &self,
+        group: &str,
+        node: NodeId,
+        mut is_live: impl FnMut(Pid) -> bool,
+    ) -> Option<Pid> {
         self.groups
             .get(group)?
             .iter()
+            .filter(|e| e.member.node == node)
             .map(|e| e.member.pid)
             .find(|&p| is_live(p))
     }
 }
 
+/// The store's cluster-side surface: raw reads the pg actor needs to speak
+/// for this node (`Sync`, membership checks) and the peer-name memo. One
+/// `cfg` block: everything here exists only when there is a mesh.
+#[cfg(feature = "cluster")]
+impl ProcessGroups {
+    /// Does `group` hold `member` right now? (Raw storage, no liveness.)
+    pub(crate) fn contains(&self, group: &str, member: &Member) -> bool {
+        self.groups
+            .get(group)
+            .is_some_and(|v| v.iter().any(|e| e.member == *member))
+    }
+
+    /// Every stored member of `group`, any node, insertion order. Raw storage.
+    pub(crate) fn all_of(&self, group: &str) -> Vec<Member> {
+        self.groups
+            .get(group)
+            .map(|v| v.iter().map(|e| e.member).collect())
+            .unwrap_or_default()
+    }
+
+    /// `(group, [pid])` for every group with a member on `node` — the
+    /// `Sync` payload. Raw storage; groups with no such member are omitted.
+    pub(crate) fn groups_on(&self, node: NodeId) -> Vec<(String, Vec<Pid>)> {
+        let mut out: Vec<(String, Vec<Pid>)> = self
+            .groups
+            .iter()
+            .filter_map(|(g, v)| {
+                let pids: Vec<Pid> = v
+                    .iter()
+                    .filter(|e| e.member.node == node)
+                    .map(|e| e.member.pid)
+                    .collect();
+                (!pids.is_empty()).then(|| (g.clone(), pids))
+            })
+            .collect();
+        out.sort_by(|a, b| a.0.cmp(&b.0));
+        out
+    }
+
+    /// Record / forget the name behind a peer's `NodeId`.
+    pub(crate) fn set_node_name(&mut self, node: NodeId, name: String) {
+        self.node_names.insert(node, name);
+    }
+    pub(crate) fn forget_node_name(&mut self, node: NodeId) {
+        self.node_names.remove(&node);
+    }
+    pub(crate) fn node_name(&self, node: NodeId) -> Option<&str> {
+        self.node_names.get(&node).map(String::as_str)
+    }
+}
+
+/// The group reaper: one detached actor per run, spawned by the first `join`,
+/// parked on the shared `deaths` inbox. Every local membership's monitor
+/// delivers here, so a death is swept out of *every* group it joined as soon
+/// as the reaper is scheduled — no group operation has to happen first.
+/// Sweeps by `(node, pid)`: only local members, since a remote member's pid
+/// bits are meaningless here. Exits when the last sender is gone, i.e. never
+/// during a run (the store holds one); the run's teardown stops it like any
+/// other parked actor. Spawned under `ROOT_PID` so its exit signal is absorbed
+/// rather than delivered to whichever supervisor's child happened to join
+/// first.
+///
+/// Under `cluster` the same actor is the node's **pg actor** (RFC 010 Phase
+/// 5, c15): it also drains a control inbox of local join/leave announcements,
+/// the membership stream and the exposed `"pg"` inbox — see
+/// [`crate::cluster::pg`]. Its store-side sweep is unchanged.
+#[cfg(not(feature = "cluster"))]
+fn reaper(rx: crate::channel::Receiver<Down>, ctl: crate::channel::Receiver<PgEvent>) {
+    // No mesh: nothing to tell about joins/leaves. Drop the control inbox
+    // so announcements are refused at the sender rather than queued.
+    drop(ctl);
+    while let Ok(down) = rx.recv() {
+        sweep_local_death(down.pid);
+        // Evicted memberships hold only ids; their monitors have fired.
+    }
+}
+
+/// What the local API tells the reaper besides deaths (which arrive as
+/// [`Down`] on their own inbox — that channel's type is fixed by the monitor
+/// primitive, so the two cannot be one enum). The default reaper has no use
+/// for these; the cluster's pg actor broadcasts them (RFC 010 Phase 5).
+// The default reaper never looks inside — that is the point, not a bug.
+#[cfg_attr(not(feature = "cluster"), allow(dead_code))]
+pub(crate) enum PgEvent {
+    /// `join` inserted `pid` into `group`. The consumer re-checks the store
+    /// before acting on it.
+    Joined { group: String, pid: Pid },
+    /// `leave` removed `pid` from `group`.
+    Left { group: String, pid: Pid },
+    /// `cluster::start` has the manager up and the local identity set: take
+    /// a membership subscription, register + expose the `"pg"` name, and
+    /// start speaking to peers.
+    #[cfg(feature = "cluster")]
+    Attach,
+}
+
+/// Evict the local member `pid` from every group. The reaper's one store
+/// operation; returns what was evicted with its group (the cluster's
+/// `Leave` broadcast wants both).
+pub(crate) fn sweep_local_death(pid: Pid) -> Vec<(String, Membership)> {
+    with_runtime(|inner| {
+        let node = inner.node_id;
+        inner
+            .process_groups
+            .lock()
+            .remove_where(|m| m.node == node && m.pid == pid)
+    })
+}
+
+/// The reaper's inboxes. `deaths` is the liveness authority for the set
+/// (`ctl` is created and dropped with it, on the same actor).
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub(crate) struct ReaperInboxes {
+    pub(crate) deaths: Sender<Down>,
+    /// The control inbox: local `join`/`leave` announce here (see
+    /// [`PgEvent`]). The default reaper closes it on entry.
+    pub(crate) ctl: Sender<PgEvent>,
+}
+
+impl ReaperInboxes {
+    fn alive(&self) -> bool {
+        self.deaths.receiver_alive()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Live senders for the reaper's inboxes, spawning the reaper if this run has
+/// none yet. Two racing first-spawns may both spawn; the loser's senders drop
+/// on return, its spare reaper sees a closed inbox and exits.
+pub(crate) fn reaper_inboxes() -> ReaperInboxes {
+    let existing = with_runtime(|inner| {
+        let pg = inner.process_groups.lock();
+        pg.reaper.clone().filter(ReaperInboxes::alive)
+    });
+    if let Some(r) = existing {
+        return r;
+    }
+    let (tx, rx) = channel::<Down>();
+    let (ctl_tx, ctl_rx) = channel::<PgEvent>();
+    // Detached: the handle drops here. The reaper's lifetime is the run's.
+    // The ONE seam between the local store and the cluster: same inboxes,
+    // different body.
+    #[cfg(not(feature = "cluster"))]
+    let _ = spawn_under(crate::runtime::ROOT_PID, move || reaper(rx, ctl_rx));
+    #[cfg(feature = "cluster")]
+    let _ = spawn_under(crate::runtime::ROOT_PID, move || {
+        crate::cluster::pg::actor(rx, ctl_rx)
+    });
+    let fresh = ReaperInboxes {
+        deaths: tx,
+        ctl: ctl_tx,
+    };
+    with_runtime(|inner| {
+        let mut pg = inner.process_groups.lock();
+        match &pg.reaper {
+            Some(r) if r.alive() => r.clone(),
+            _ => {
+                pg.reaper = Some(fresh.clone());
+                fresh
+            }
+        }
+    })
+}
+
+/// A live sender for the reaper's `deaths` inbox (spawning it if needed).
+fn deaths_sender() -> Sender<Down> {
+    reaper_inboxes().deaths
+}
+
+/// Announce a local group change to the reaper, if this run has one. A
+/// closed inbox is the default reaper (uninterested) or a run tearing down.
+fn announce(msg: PgEvent) {
+    let ctl = with_runtime(|inner| {
+        inner
+            .process_groups
+            .lock()
+            .reaper
+            .as_ref()
+            .map(|r| r.ctl.clone())
+    });
+    if let Some(ctl) = ctl {
+        let _ = ctl.send(msg);
+    }
+}
+
 /// Build the full member identity for `pid` from runtime identity.
-fn member_for(inner: &crate::runtime::RuntimeInner, pid: Pid) -> Member {
+pub(crate) fn member_for(inner: &crate::runtime::RuntimeInner, pid: Pid) -> Member {
     Member {
         node: inner.node_id,
         incarnation: inner.incarnation,
@@ -358,7 +548,7 @@ fn member_for(inner: &crate::runtime::RuntimeInner, pid: Pid) -> Member {
 /// no lock — identical to the registry's guard. The read-path backstop: a
 /// generation is never reused, so a dead member is detectable independently of
 /// whether its monitor `Down` has been drained yet.
-fn live(inner: &crate::runtime::RuntimeInner, pid: Pid) -> bool {
+pub(crate) fn live(inner: &crate::runtime::RuntimeInner, pid: Pid) -> bool {
     inner.slot_at(pid).is_some_and(|s| s.is_live_for(pid))
 }
 
@@ -367,61 +557,76 @@ fn live(inner: &crate::runtime::RuntimeInner, pid: Pid) -> bool {
 /// added the membership, `false` if it was already a member.
 ///
 /// Installs a monitor on `pid` so the actor's death evicts it from the group
-/// automatically — you never have to remove a dead member yourself. A redundant
+/// automatically — you never have to remove a dead member yourself. Joining a
-/// (idempotent) join tears its extra monitor back down.
+/// pid that is already dead is accepted and evicted the same way (via a
+/// `NoProc` notice), so it never shows up in a read.
 ///
 /// Panics if called outside `Runtime::run()`.
 pub fn join<A>(group: impl Into<String>, pid: Pid<A>) -> bool {
     let group = group.into();
     let pid = pid.erase();
-    // Install the monitor BEFORE taking the group lock: monitor() acquires the
+    let deaths = deaths_sender();
-    // target's cold lock (Leaf), and two Leaf locks are never held at once. The
+    // Record the membership BEFORE arming its monitor: the reaper sweeps by
-    // registration races `finalize_actor` under that cold lock exactly as every
+    // pid on the first `Down`, so a `Down` that could precede the entry would
-    // other monitor does, so no death can slip between the join and the monitor
+    // leave a corpse in storage forever (visible to no read — the backstop
-    // being in place.
+    // hides it — but a leak, and once groups are clustered a member that
-    let mon = monitor(pid);
+    // would be announced). Arming after insertion means every `Down` finds
-
+    // its entry. The monitor id is allocated up front so `leave` can tear the
-    let (rejected, reaped) = with_runtime(|inner| {
+    // registration down even if it lands in the tiny window before arming (an
+    // orphaned registration is harmless: its `Down` names a pid whose
+    // membership is gone, and the sweep finds nothing).
+    let id = with_runtime(|inner| inner.alloc_monitor_id());
+    let inserted = with_runtime(|inner| {
         let ms = Membership {
             member: member_for(inner, pid),
-            monitor: mon,
+            monitor: Some(id),
         };
-        let mut pg = inner.process_groups.lock();
+        inner.process_groups.lock().join(&group, ms)
-        let reaped = pg.reap_group(&group);
+    });
-        let rejected = pg.join(&group, ms);
+    if !inserted {
-        (rejected, reaped)
+        return false;
+    }
+    // Tell the reaper (the cluster's pg actor re-checks the store before it
+    // broadcasts, so a `leave`/death that overtakes this announcement is
+    // never advertised as a join).
+    announce(PgEvent::Joined {
+        group: group.clone(),
+        pid,
     });
 
-    // Outside the group lock: drop the reaped (dead) monitors, and if this join
+    // Outside the group lock: registration takes the target's cold lock (Leaf).
-    // was redundant, demonitor + drop the extra monitor we just installed.
+    // The registration races `finalize_actor` under that cold lock exactly as
-    drop(reaped);
+    // every other monitor does, so no death can slip between the join and the
-    match rejected {
+    // monitor being in place.
-        Some(dup) => {
+    if !register_monitor(pid, id, &deaths) {
-            demonitor(&dup.monitor);
+        // Already gone: queue the notice ourselves, exactly as `monitor` does.
-            false
+        let _ = deaths.send(Down {
-        }
+            pid,
-        None => true,
+            reason: DownReason::NoProc,
+        });
     }
+    true
 }
 
 /// Drop `pid`'s membership of `group`. Returns whether a membership was
-/// removed. The membership's monitor is demonitored and dropped.
+/// removed. The membership's monitor registration is torn down.
 ///
 /// Panics if called outside `Runtime::run()`.
 pub fn leave<A>(group: &str, pid: Pid<A>) -> bool {
     let pid = pid.erase();
-    let (removed, reaped) = with_runtime(|inner| {
+    let removed = with_runtime(|inner| {
         let member = member_for(inner, pid);
-        let mut pg = inner.process_groups.lock();
+        inner.process_groups.lock().leave(group, member)
-        let reaped = pg.reap_group(group);
-        let removed = pg.leave(group, member);
-        (removed, reaped)
     });
-
-    drop(reaped);
     match removed {
         Some(ms) => {
-            demonitor(&ms.monitor);
+            if let Some(id) = ms.monitor {
+                unregister_monitor(pid, id);
+            }
+            announce(PgEvent::Left {
+                group: group.to_owned(),
+                pid,
+            });
             true
         }
         None => false,
@@ -431,21 +636,19 @@ pub fn leave<A>(group: &str, pid: Pid<A>) -> bool {
 /// Every live member of `group`, in the order they joined. Returns an empty
 /// vector if the group does not exist or has no live members.
 ///
-/// Dead members are never returned: the group is pruned of anything that has
+/// Dead members are never returned: the reaper evicts a member as soon as its
-/// died before the read, and as a backstop a member whose slot is already dead
+/// death is processed, and as a backstop a member whose slot is already dead
-/// is dropped from the result even in the brief window before its death has
+/// is dropped from the result even in the brief window before the reaper's
-/// been fully processed.
+/// turn.
 ///
 /// Panics if called outside `Runtime::run()`.
 pub fn members(group: &str) -> Vec<Pid> {
-    let (pids, reaped) = with_runtime(|inner| {
+    with_runtime(|inner| {
-        let mut pg = inner.process_groups.lock();
+        inner
-        let reaped = pg.reap_group(group);
+            .process_groups
-        let pids = pg.members_where(group, |pid| live(inner, pid));
+            .lock()
-        (pids, reaped)
+            .members_where(group, inner.node_id, |pid| live(inner, pid))
-    });
+    })
-    drop(reaped);
-    pids
 }
 
 /// One live member of `group`, or `None` if the group is empty (or every
@@ -455,14 +658,12 @@ pub fn members(group: &str) -> Vec<Pid> {
 ///
 /// Panics if called outside `Runtime::run()`.
 pub fn pick(group: &str) -> Option<Pid> {
-    let (picked, reaped) = with_runtime(|inner| {
+    with_runtime(|inner| {
-        let mut pg = inner.process_groups.lock();
+        inner
-        let reaped = pg.reap_group(group);
+            .process_groups
-        let picked = pg.first_member_where(group, |pid| live(inner, pid));
+            .lock()
-        (picked, reaped)
+            .first_member_where(group, inner.node_id, |pid| live(inner, pid))
-    });
+    })
-    drop(reaped);
-    picked
 }
 
 /// Typed [`pick`]: one live member of `group` as a [`Pid<A>`](Pid).
@@ -505,8 +706,8 @@ pub fn dispatch<A: Addressable>(group: &str, msg: A::Msg) -> Result<Pid<A>, Send
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
-    use crate::channel::{channel, Sender};
+    use crate::scheduler::spawn;
-    use crate::monitor::{Down, DownReason, MonitorId};
+    use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
 
     fn member(index: u32, generation: u32) -> Member {
         Member {
@@ -516,33 +717,21 @@ mod tests {
         }
     }
 
-    /// A synthetic membership with a real (but slot-less) monitor channel. The
+    /// A synthetic membership: the store never looks at the id.
-    /// returned `Sender` stands in for the slot's `Down` sender: hold it to
+    fn synth(index: u32, generation: u32) -> Membership {
-    /// keep the member "alive" (`try_recv` → `Ok(None)`), `send` a `Down` to
+        Membership {
-    /// simulate death, or `drop` it to simulate a drained/closed channel.
-    fn synth(index: u32, generation: u32) -> (Membership, Sender<Down>) {
-        let pid = Pid::new(index, generation);
-        let (tx, rx) = channel::<Down>();
-        let ms = Membership {
             member: member(index, generation),
-            monitor: Monitor {
+            monitor: Some(MonitorId(0)),
-                id: MonitorId(0),
+        }
-                target: pid,
-                rx,
-            },
-        };
-        (ms, tx)
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn join_is_idempotent_within_a_group() {
         let mut pg = ProcessGroups::new();
-        let (a, _ta) = synth(1, 0);
+        assert!(pg.join("workers", synth(1, 0)), "first join inserts");
-        let (b, _tb) = synth(1, 0);
-        assert!(pg.join("workers", a).is_none(), "first join inserts");
         assert!(
-            pg.join("workers", b).is_some(),
+            !pg.join("workers", synth(1, 0)),
-            "second identical join is handed back"
+            "second identical join is refused"
         );
         assert_eq!(pg.members_of("workers"), vec![member(1, 0)]);
     }
@@ -550,12 +739,9 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn same_pid_in_many_groups_is_independent() {
         let mut pg = ProcessGroups::new();
-        let (a, _ta) = synth(1, 0);
+        pg.join("a", synth(1, 0));
-        let (b, _tb) = synth(1, 0);
+        pg.join("b", synth(1, 0));
-        let (c, _tc) = synth(2, 0);
+        pg.join("b", synth(2, 0));
-        pg.join("a", a);
-        pg.join("b", b);
-        pg.join("b", c);
         assert_eq!(pg.members_of("a"), vec![member(1, 0)]);
         assert_eq!(pg.members_of("b"), vec![member(1, 0), member(2, 0)]);
     }
@@ -564,11 +750,9 @@ mod tests {
     fn distinct_generations_are_distinct_members() {
         // ABA guard: same slot index, different generation = different actor.
         let mut pg = ProcessGroups::new();
-        let (a, _ta) = synth(1, 0);
+        assert!(pg.join("g", synth(1, 0)));
-        let (b, _tb) = synth(1, 1);
-        assert!(pg.join("g", a).is_none());
         assert!(
-            pg.join("g", b).is_none(),
+            pg.join("g", synth(1, 1)),
             "different generation is a distinct member"
         );
         assert_eq!(pg.members_of("g"), vec![member(1, 0), member(1, 1)]);
@@ -577,10 +761,8 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn leave_removes_one_membership_and_prunes_empty_groups() {
         let mut pg = ProcessGroups::new();
-        let (a, _ta) = synth(1, 0);
+        pg.join("g", synth(1, 0));
-        let (b, _tb) = synth(2, 0);
+        pg.join("g", synth(2, 0));
-        pg.join("g", a);
-        pg.join("g", b);
         assert!(pg.leave("g", member(1, 0)).is_some());
         assert_eq!(pg.members_of("g"), vec![member(2, 0)]);
         assert!(
@@ -598,7 +780,7 @@ mod tests {
     #[test]
     fn remove_where_sweeps_every_group() {
         let mut pg = ProcessGroups::new();
-        for (g, (m, _t)) in [
+        for (g, m) in [
             ("a", synth(1, 0)),
             ("a", synth(2, 0)),
             ("b", synth(1, 0)),
@@ -616,104 +798,137 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn remove_where_can_match_an_incarnation_sweep() {
-        // Shape check for the later evict_incarnation(node, inc) caller.
+        // Shape check for the node-down / incarnation sweep caller.
         let mut pg = ProcessGroups::new();
-        let pid = Pid::new(1, 0);
+        let stale = Membership {
-        let (tx, rx) = channel::<Down>();
-        let dead = Membership {
             member: Member {
                 node: DEFAULT_NODE_ID,
                 incarnation: Incarnation::new(7),
-                pid,
+                pid: Pid::new(1, 0),
-            },
-            monitor: Monitor {
-                id: MonitorId(0),
-                target: pid,
-                rx,
             },
+            monitor: Some(MonitorId(0)),
         };
-        let _keep = tx;
+        pg.join("g", stale);
-        let (live, _tl) = synth(2, 0);
+        pg.join("g", synth(2, 0));
-        pg.join("g", dead);
-        pg.join("g", live);
         let evicted = pg.remove_where(|mem| mem.incarnation == Incarnation::new(7));
         assert_eq!(evicted.len(), 1);
         assert_eq!(pg.members_of("g"), vec![member(2, 0)]);
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn reap_keeps_live_members() {
+    fn read_backstop_hides_a_member_the_reaper_has_not_yet_swept() {
         let mut pg = ProcessGroups::new();
-        let (a, _ta) = synth(1, 0); // sender held: member stays alive
+        pg.join("g", synth(1, 0));
-        pg.join("a", a);
+        pg.join("g", synth(2, 0));
-        assert!(pg.reap_group("a").is_empty(), "no deaths");
-        assert_eq!(pg.members_of("a"), vec![member(1, 0)]);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn reap_evicts_a_dead_member_and_sweeps_all_its_groups() {
-        let mut pg = ProcessGroups::new();
-        let (a1, ta1) = synth(1, 0); // pid 1 in group a
-        let (a2, _ta2) = synth(2, 0); // pid 2 in group a (stays alive)
-        let (b1, _tb1) = synth(1, 0); // pid 1 in group b
-        pg.join("a", a1);
-        pg.join("a", a2);
-        pg.join("b", b1);
-        // pid 1 dies: its group-a monitor receives a Down. Its group-b monitor
-        // has not — reap must still sweep pid 1 out of b by the pid predicate.
-        ta1.send(Down {
-            pid: Pid::new(1, 0),
-            reason: DownReason::Exit,
-        })
-        .unwrap();
-        let evicted = pg.reap_group("a");
-        assert_eq!(
-            evicted.len(),
-            2,
-            "pid 1's memberships in both a and b are evicted"
-        );
-        assert_eq!(pg.members_of("a"), vec![member(2, 0)]);
-        assert!(pg.members_of("b").is_empty(), "swept from b too; pruned");
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn reap_treats_a_closed_channel_as_dead() {
-        let mut pg = ProcessGroups::new();
-        let (a, ta) = synth(1, 0);
-        pg.join("a", a);
-        drop(ta); // sender gone, queue empty → try_recv = Err(RecvError) = dead
-        let evicted = pg.reap_group("a");
-        assert_eq!(evicted.len(), 1);
-        assert!(pg.members_of("a").is_empty());
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn read_backstop_hides_a_member_the_monitor_has_not_yet_reaped() {
-        let mut pg = ProcessGroups::new();
-        // Both senders held: reap_group would see Ok(None) and evict neither.
-        let (a, _ta) = synth(1, 0);
-        let (b, _tb) = synth(2, 0);
-        pg.join("g", a);
-        pg.join("g", b);
 
         // The slot-word oracle already reports pid 1 dead (finalize window),
-        // ahead of any Down delivery.
+        // ahead of the reaper's turn.
         let dead = Pid::new(1, 0);
         let oracle = |pid: Pid| pid != dead;
 
         assert_eq!(
-            pg.members_where("g", oracle),
+            pg.members_where("g", DEFAULT_NODE_ID, oracle),
             vec![Pid::new(2, 0)],
             "dead pid filtered from read"
         );
         assert_eq!(
-            pg.first_member_where("g", oracle),
+            pg.first_member_where("g", DEFAULT_NODE_ID, oracle),
             Some(Pid::new(2, 0)),
             "pick skips the dead first member"
         );
 
-        // Backstop does not evict — that stays the monitor's job; raw storage
+        // Backstop does not evict — that stays the reaper's job; raw storage
-        // still holds both until reap runs.
+        // still holds both until it runs.
         assert_eq!(pg.members_of("g"), vec![member(1, 0), member(2, 0)]);
     }
+
+    // ---- reaper: eager eviction against a live runtime ----
+
+    /// Raw storage view for a group, bypassing the read-path backstop.
+    fn stored(group: &str) -> Vec<Member> {
+        with_runtime(|inner| inner.process_groups.lock().members_of(group))
+    }
+
+    /// Cooperative wait (`smarm::sleep`, never an OS block) until `pred`.
+    fn wait_until(what: &str, mut pred: impl FnMut() -> bool) {
+        let deadline = Instant::now() + Duration::from_secs(2);
+        while !pred() {
+            assert!(Instant::now() < deadline, "timed out waiting for: {what}");
+            crate::sleep(Duration::from_millis(1));
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn a_death_is_swept_from_storage_without_any_group_operation() {
+        crate::run(|| {
+            let (tx, rx) = channel::<()>();
+            let w = spawn(move || {
+                rx.recv().unwrap();
+            });
+            let pid = w.pid();
+            join("a", pid);
+            join("b", pid);
+            assert_eq!(stored("a"), vec![member_for_test(pid)]);
+
+            tx.send(()).unwrap();
+            w.join().unwrap();
+            // No members()/pick()/join() on a or b from here on: the reaper
+            // alone must clear both.
+            wait_until("reaper sweeps a and b", || {
+                stored("a").is_empty() && stored("b").is_empty()
+            });
+        });
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn a_dead_at_join_pid_is_swept_from_storage() {
+        crate::run(|| {
+            let h = spawn(|| {});
+            let pid = h.pid();
+            h.join().unwrap();
+            assert!(join("late", pid), "join is accepted; eviction is uniform");
+            wait_until("reaper sweeps the NoProc member", || {
+                stored("late").is_empty()
+            });
+        });
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn leave_then_death_does_not_disturb_a_rejoined_group() {
+        // A monitor unregistered by `leave` must not fire later; the pid's
+        // fresh membership after re-join is swept exactly once, by its own
+        // monitor, on death.
+        crate::run(|| {
+            let (tx, rx) = channel::<()>();
+            let w = spawn(move || {
+                rx.recv().unwrap();
+            });
+            let pid = w.pid();
+            join("g", pid);
+            assert!(leave("g", pid));
+            assert!(join("g", pid));
+            assert_eq!(members("g"), vec![pid]);
+            tx.send(()).unwrap();
+            w.join().unwrap();
+            wait_until("reaper sweeps g", || stored("g").is_empty());
+        });
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn reaper_is_respawned_for_a_second_run_of_the_same_runtime() {
+        let rt = crate::runtime::init(crate::runtime::Config::exact(1));
+        let body = || {
+            let h = spawn(|| {});
+            let pid = h.pid();
+            h.join().unwrap();
+            join("g", pid);
+            wait_until("reaper sweeps g", || stored("g").is_empty());
+        };
+        rt.run(body);
+        rt.run(body);
+    }
+
+    fn member_for_test(pid: Pid) -> Member {
+        with_runtime(|inner| member_for(inner, pid))
+    }
 }

src/pid.rs

@@ -292,3 +292,44 @@ mod typed_pid_tests {
         assert_send_sync::<Name<CounterMsg>>();
     }
 }
+
+// ---- RFC 010 c10: pids auto-serialize (cluster feature) ---------------------
+
+/// A local `Pid<A>` serializes as a
+/// [`RemotePid<A>`](crate::cluster::remote::RemotePid): the wire form stamps
+/// this node's name and incarnation from the ambient runtime, so a pid can
+/// sit inside any message field and reply-to needs no ceremony (RFC 010 §3,
+/// "sugar not a bear trap"). Serializing a pid also marks it **watchable**
+/// — the wire crossing is the cluster's `mark_watchable` set-site (D12), the
+/// exact analog of the membrane crossing.
+///
+/// Must run inside `run()` (the ambient identity lives on the runtime); a
+/// runtime without a cluster identity cannot serialize a pid at all — it is
+/// a serialize error, surfacing as the send's `Encode` failure — rather than
+/// a `("", 0)` stamp that every peer would silently drop.
+#[cfg(feature = "cluster")]
+impl<A: 'static> serde::Serialize for Pid<A> {
+    fn serialize<S: serde::Serializer>(&self, s: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error> {
+        crate::cluster::remote::RemotePid::<A>::from_local(*self)
+            .ok_or_else(|| serde::ser::Error::custom("pid serialized with no local node identity"))?
+            .serialize(s)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Deserializing into a `Pid<A>` is the **collapse**: it succeeds only when
+/// the wire pid names this very node (name and incarnation both), and is a
+/// decode error otherwise — a foreign pid cannot become a local `Pid`.
+/// Fields that may hold a pid from anywhere are `RemotePid<A>`.
+#[cfg(feature = "cluster")]
+impl<'de, A: 'static> serde::Deserialize<'de> for Pid<A> {
+    fn deserialize<D: serde::Deserializer<'de>>(d: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error> {
+        let rp = crate::cluster::remote::RemotePid::<A>::deserialize(d)?;
+        rp.local().ok_or_else(|| {
+            serde::de::Error::custom(format!(
+                "pid {}@{} is not local to this node",
+                rp.index(),
+                rp.node()
+            ))
+        })
+    }
+}

src/runtime.rs

@@ -1358,6 +1358,9 @@ impl Runtime {
         self.inner.root_exited.store(false, Ordering::Relaxed);
         self.inner.root_swept.store(false, Ordering::Relaxed);
         self.inner.set_root(initial_handle.pid());
+        // A previous run's group reaper was stopped with that run; forget it
+        // so the first `join` of this run spawns a fresh one.
+        self.inner.process_groups.lock().reset_reaper();
 
         // Launch N-1 extra scheduler threads, named `smarm-sched-{slot}` so
         // they are identifiable in `/proc/<pid>/task/*/comm`, stack dumps and

src/trace.rs

@@ -65,6 +65,13 @@ mod inner {
         // RFC 005 wake slot
         SlotPush(Pid), // actor-context wake parked in the waking thread's slot
         SlotPop(Pid),  // scheduler resumed a pid from its own slot
+        // Cluster (RFC 010): the conn actor's verdict on one inbound frame —
+        // local knowledge only, never on the wire; the label is
+        // `InboundVerdict::label()`. No pid: a refused frame has none.
+        ClusterInbound(&'static str),
+        // Cluster (RFC 010): the connector's verdict on one dial attempt —
+        // `"ok"` or `DialError::label()`. No pid.
+        ClusterDial(&'static str),
     }
 
     // -----------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -271,6 +278,8 @@ mod inner {
             Event::Dequeue(p) => ("dequeue".into(), p.index()),
             Event::SlotPush(p) => ("slot_push".into(), p.index()),
             Event::SlotPop(p) => ("slot_pop".into(), p.index()),
+            Event::ClusterInbound(v) => (format!("cluster_inbound {v}"), 0),
+            Event::ClusterDial(v) => (format!("cluster_dial {v}"), 0),
         }
     }
 

tests/channel.rs

@@ -137,11 +137,18 @@ fn channel_ops_interleaved_with_monitor_churn_multi_thread() {
         for i in 0..32i64 {
             let tx = tx.clone();
             handles.push(spawn(move || {
-                // Short-lived target whose death fires the monitor below.
+                // Short-lived target whose death fires the monitor below. It
+                // is gated: on a multi-thread scheduler it could otherwise
+                // run and exit before `monitor` registers, and monitoring a
+                // corpse queues `NoProc` by contract — the point here is a
+                // `Down` sent from finalize, so register first, then release.
+                let (go_tx, go_rx) = channel::<()>();
                 let t = spawn(move || {
+                    let _ = go_rx.recv();
                     tx.send(i).unwrap();
                 });
                 let m = smarm::monitor(t.pid());
+                go_tx.send(()).unwrap();
                 t.join().unwrap();
                 // Down delivery exercises send-from-finalize.
                 let d = m.rx.recv().unwrap();

tests/cluster_conn_lifecycle.rs

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ use smarm::cluster::manager::{Call, Manager, Reply, MANAGER};
 use smarm::cluster::spawn_established;
 use smarm::cluster::transport::tcp::TcpTransport;
 use smarm::cluster::transport::{Conn, FramedConn, Transport};
+use smarm::cluster::Timing;
 use smarm::gen_server::{self, GenServerBuilder};
 use smarm::pg::Incarnation;
 use smarm::{run, sleep};
@@ -81,8 +82,10 @@ fn connection_up_commanded_shutdown_and_eof_all_reflected_in_table() {
 
         // Manage the `a` ends as peers node-b and node-c; keep the `b` far ends
         // open so neither socket is closed from the far side yet.
-        spawn_established(FramedConn::new(a1), peer("node-b")).expect("node-b registers");
+        spawn_established(FramedConn::new(a1), peer("node-b"), Timing::default())
-        spawn_established(FramedConn::new(a2), peer("node-c")).expect("node-c registers");
+            .expect("node-b registers");
+        spawn_established(FramedConn::new(a2), peer("node-c"), Timing::default())
+            .expect("node-c registers");
 
         // Up: both connections register and the table shows them.
         wait_peers(&["node-b", "node-c"]);

tests/cluster_conn_liveness.rs

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ use smarm::cluster::manager::{Call, Manager, Reply, MANAGER};
 use smarm::cluster::spawn_established;
 use smarm::cluster::transport::tcp::TcpTransport;
 use smarm::cluster::transport::{Conn, FramedConn, Transport};
+use smarm::cluster::Timing;
 use smarm::gen_server::{self, GenServerBuilder};
 use smarm::pg::Incarnation;
 use smarm::{run, sleep, spawn};
@@ -83,7 +84,8 @@ fn heartbeats_are_sent_unprompted() {
             .expect("manager name is free");
 
         let (a, b) = pair(&TcpTransport);
-        spawn_established(FramedConn::new(a), peer("hb-send")).expect("register");
+        spawn_established(FramedConn::new(a), peer("hb-send"), Timing::default())
+            .expect("register");
         let mut far = FramedConn::new(b);
 
         let frame = far
@@ -111,7 +113,7 @@ fn mute_peer_is_torn_down_after_liveness_timeout() {
             .expect("manager name is free");
 
         let (a, b) = pair(&TcpTransport);
-        spawn_established(FramedConn::new(a), peer("mute")).expect("register");
+        spawn_established(FramedConn::new(a), peer("mute"), Timing::default()).expect("register");
         // Held open and silent: no frames, no EOF. (Unread inbound
         // heartbeats sit in kernel buffers; they are 5 bytes each.)
         let _far = FramedConn::new(b);
@@ -139,7 +141,7 @@ fn heartbeats_keep_the_connection_alive() {
             .expect("manager name is free");
 
         let (a, b) = pair(&TcpTransport);
-        spawn_established(FramedConn::new(a), peer("kept")).expect("register");
+        spawn_established(FramedConn::new(a), peer("kept"), Timing::default()).expect("register");
 
         // The far heartbeat pump: interval-paced sends until told to stop,
         // then holds the socket open, silent, so the eventual teardown is

tests/cluster_connect.rs

@@ -19,11 +19,12 @@ use smarm::cluster::connect::{
     HANDSHAKE_TIMEOUT,
 };
 use smarm::cluster::envelope::{Frame, NodeMeta, RejectReason};
-use smarm::cluster::handshake::{HelloCtx, Local};
+use smarm::cluster::handshake::{Local, PeerStanding};
 use smarm::cluster::manager::{Call, Manager, Reply, MANAGER};
 use smarm::cluster::transport::loopback::LoopbackTransport;
 use smarm::cluster::transport::tcp::TcpTransport;
 use smarm::cluster::transport::{FramedConn, Transport};
+use smarm::cluster::Timing;
 use smarm::gen_server::{self, GenServerBuilder};
 use smarm::pg::Incarnation;
 use smarm::{run, sleep};
@@ -100,7 +101,7 @@ fn loopback_happy_path_establishes_both_ends() {
             local("node-b"),
             |name| {
                 assert_eq!(name, "node-a");
-                HelloCtx::default()
+                PeerStanding::Free
             },
             no_deadline(),
         )
@@ -118,7 +119,7 @@ fn loopback_hash_mismatch_rejected_with_frame_then_eof() {
     let mut wrong = local("node-b");
     wrong.build_hash ^= 1;
     let responder = std::thread::spawn(move || {
-        accept_handshake(&mut accepted, wrong, |_| HelloCtx::default(), no_deadline())
+        accept_handshake(&mut accepted, wrong, |_| PeerStanding::Free, no_deadline())
     });
     // The dial side receives the reject frame — the compatibility anchor.
     match dial_handshake(&mut dialer, &local("node-a"), no_deadline()) {
@@ -142,10 +143,7 @@ fn loopback_tie_break_loser_closed_silently() {
         accept_handshake(
             &mut accepted,
             local("node-a"),
-            |_| HelloCtx {
+            |_| PeerStanding::Dialing,
-                name_claimed: false,
-                dialing_this_peer: true,
-            },
             no_deadline(),
         )
     });
@@ -178,7 +176,7 @@ fn loopback_read_ahead_past_hello_survives_into_established_conn() {
         let peer = accept_handshake(
             &mut accepted,
             local("node-b"),
-            |_| HelloCtx::default(),
+            |_| PeerStanding::Free,
             no_deadline(),
         )
         .unwrap();
@@ -216,7 +214,7 @@ fn tcp_silent_peer_times_out_on_the_accept_path() {
             let r = accept_handshake(
                 &mut accepted,
                 local("node-b"),
-                |_| HelloCtx::default(),
+                |_| PeerStanding::Free,
                 Instant::now() + Duration::from_millis(200),
             );
             let _ = tx.send(r);
@@ -253,7 +251,7 @@ fn tcp_duplicate_name_rejected_by_acceptor() {
             .start()
             .expect("manager name is free");
         let listener = TcpTransport.listen("127.0.0.1:0").unwrap();
-        let acceptor = spawn_acceptor(listener, local("node-b"));
+        let acceptor = spawn_acceptor(listener, local("node-b"), Timing::default());
         let addr = acceptor.local_addr().to_string();
 
         // First dial offering "dup-node": establishes and registers.
@@ -328,12 +326,12 @@ fn dial_intent_cleared_when_dialer_dies() {
         // While the dialer lives, the intent is visible.
         match gen_server::call(
             MANAGER,
-            Call::HelloCtx {
+            Call::Standing {
                 peer_name: "ghost".into(),
             },
         ) {
-            Ok(Reply::HelloCtx(ctx)) => assert!(ctx.dialing_this_peer),
+            Ok(Reply::Standing(s)) => assert_eq!(s, PeerStanding::Dialing),
-            other => panic!("HelloCtx failed: {other:?}"),
+            other => panic!("PeerStanding failed: {other:?}"),
         }
         // Kill it; the monitor must clear the intent without cooperation.
         go_tx.send(()).unwrap();
@@ -341,11 +339,11 @@ fn dial_intent_cleared_when_dialer_dies() {
         loop {
             match gen_server::call(
                 MANAGER,
-                Call::HelloCtx {
+                Call::Standing {
                     peer_name: "ghost".into(),
                 },
             ) {
-                Ok(Reply::HelloCtx(ctx)) if !ctx.dialing_this_peer => break,
+                Ok(Reply::Standing(s)) if s != PeerStanding::Dialing => break,
                 _ if Instant::now() > deadline => {
                     panic!("dial intent not cleared after dialer death")
                 }
@@ -372,7 +370,7 @@ fn role_hs_listener() {
             .start()
             .expect("manager name is free");
         let listener = TcpTransport.listen("127.0.0.1:0").unwrap();
-        let acceptor = spawn_acceptor(listener, local("node-b"));
+        let acceptor = spawn_acceptor(listener, local("node-b"), Timing::default());
         println!("LISTENING {}", acceptor.local_addr());
         wait_peers(&["node-a"]);
         println!("PEERS node-a");
@@ -389,7 +387,13 @@ fn role_hs_dialer() {
             .expect("manager name is free");
         let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel();
         smarm::spawn(move || {
-            let r = dial(&TcpTransport, &addr, "node-b", &local("node-a"));
+            let r = dial(
+                &TcpTransport,
+                &addr,
+                "node-b",
+                &local("node-a"),
+                Timing::default(),
+            );
             let _ = tx.send(r);
         });
         if let Err(e) = poll_recv(&rx, "dial outcome") {
@@ -459,7 +463,13 @@ fn concurrent_dial_to_same_name_refused() {
         // (the addr is unroutable on purpose — it must never be dialed).
         let (tx, rx) = mpsc::channel();
         smarm::spawn(move || {
-            let r = dial(&TcpTransport, "127.0.0.1:1", "node-x", &local("node-a"));
+            let r = dial(
+                &TcpTransport,
+                "127.0.0.1:1",
+                "node-x",
+                &local("node-a"),
+                Timing::default(),
+            );
             let _ = tx.send(r);
         });
         match poll_recv(&rx, "second dial outcome") {

tests/cluster_dial_mismatch.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+//! RFC 010 — a seed whose address answers as a *different* name
+//! (`DialError::PeerNameMismatch`) is dialed once and then parked: the
+//! connector must not redial it on backoff forever.
+//!
+//! Observed from the misdialed peer: each such dial establishes at the
+//! responder (it registers, `node_up`), then the dialer closes on the name
+//! check (`node_down`) — one membership blip per attempt. Cross-process: a
+//! *server* named `server` subscribes and reports; a *client* on fast
+//! timing (50–500ms backoff) seeds `("wrongname", server_addr)`. After the
+//! first blip the server counts further `NodeUp`s across 2s — several
+//! backoff periods. Parked ⇒ zero. Negative-control-verified: with the park
+//! stubbed out the count is ≥ 1 in the same window.
+#![cfg(feature = "cluster")]
+
+mod common;
+
+use common::{maybe_child, spawn_node};
+use smarm::cluster::envelope::NodeMeta;
+use smarm::cluster::membership::{subscribe, NodeEvent};
+use smarm::cluster::{start, Config, StaticSeeds, Timing};
+use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
+
+const ROLES: &[(&str, fn())] = &[("server", role_server), ("client", role_client)];
+
+fn meta() -> NodeMeta {
+    NodeMeta {
+        role: "mismatch".into(),
+        region: "local".into(),
+    }
+}
+
+fn timing() -> Timing {
+    Timing {
+        initial_backoff: Duration::from_millis(50),
+        max_backoff: Duration::from_millis(500),
+        ..Timing::default()
+    }
+}
+
+fn role_server() {
+    smarm::run(|| {
+        let cluster = start(Config {
+            node_name: "server".into(),
+            meta: meta(),
+            listen_addr: std::env::var("SMARM_LISTEN_ADDR")
+                .unwrap_or_else(|_| "127.0.0.1:0".into()),
+            strategy: Box::new(StaticSeeds::new(Vec::<(String, String)>::new())),
+            timing: timing(),
+        })
+        .expect("binds");
+        let ev = subscribe().unwrap();
+        println!("LISTENING {}", cluster.local_addr());
+        // First blip: the misdialed client establishes, then closes on us.
+        loop {
+            match ev.rx.recv() {
+                Ok(NodeEvent::NodeDown(i)) if i.name == "client" => break,
+                Ok(_) => continue,
+                Err(_) => panic!("manager gone"),
+            }
+        }
+        println!("BLIP");
+        // Now count further NodeUps across several backoff periods.
+        let mut more = 0usize;
+        let t0 = Instant::now();
+        while t0.elapsed() < Duration::from_millis(2000) {
+            match ev.rx.try_recv() {
+                Ok(Some(NodeEvent::NodeUp(i))) if i.name == "client" => more += 1,
+                Ok(_) => {}
+                Err(_) => panic!("manager gone"),
+            }
+            smarm::sleep(Duration::from_millis(50));
+        }
+        println!("MORE {more}");
+        loop {
+            smarm::sleep(Duration::from_secs(3600));
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+fn role_client() {
+    let server_addr = std::env::var("SMARM_SERVER_ADDR").expect("SMARM_SERVER_ADDR");
+    smarm::run(move || {
+        let _cluster = start(Config {
+            node_name: "client".into(),
+            meta: meta(),
+            listen_addr: "127.0.0.1:0".into(),
+            strategy: Box::new(StaticSeeds::new(vec![(
+                "wrongname".to_string(),
+                server_addr,
+            )])),
+            timing: timing(),
+        })
+        .expect("binds");
+        println!("CLIENT UP");
+        loop {
+            smarm::sleep(Duration::from_secs(3600));
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn mismatched_seed_is_dialed_once_then_parked() {
+    maybe_child(ROLES);
+    let mut server = spawn_node("server", &[]);
+    let saddr = server.wait_listening();
+    let mut client = spawn_node("client", &[("SMARM_SERVER_ADDR", &saddr)]);
+    client.wait_line("CLIENT UP", |l| l == "CLIENT UP");
+    server.wait_line("BLIP", |l| l == "BLIP");
+    let line = server.wait_line("MORE", |l| l.starts_with("MORE "));
+    let more: usize = line.split_whitespace().nth(1).unwrap().parse().unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(
+        more, 0,
+        "mismatched seed was redialed {more}× after being parked"
+    );
+}

tests/cluster_disconnect.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,379 @@
+//! RFC 010 c13 — connection-loss synthesis.
+//!
+//! Local suite (`run()`, no network): the read-side backstop. A
+//! `RemoteMonitor` whose channel closes without a notice reads as
+//! `Disconnected` exactly once (a `Monitor` command that reached the conn
+//! actor's inbox but was never processed — the drain gap); after
+//! `demonitor_remote` a closed channel stays a plain `Err`, never a notice.
+//!
+//! Cross-process: the headline contrast — an actor's own death gives its
+//! TRUE reason, loss of the LINK gives `Disconnected` (both a commanded
+//! `Disconnect` and a SIGKILLed peer process are `Disconnected` from the
+//! monitor's view: nobody is left to say otherwise). Reconnect does not
+//! resurrect: the old monitor yields nothing more, proven by stream ORDER
+//! (a fresh monitor over the new link delivers first). The ignored test
+//! trips liveness by SIGSTOP and then drops the link too, asserting exactly
+//! one notice for one monitor.
+#![cfg(feature = "cluster")]
+
+mod common;
+
+use common::{maybe_child, spawn_node};
+use smarm::cluster::envelope::NodeMeta;
+use smarm::cluster::expose::{expose, expose_type};
+use smarm::cluster::manager::{Call, Reply, MANAGER};
+use smarm::cluster::membership::{subscribe, NodeEvent};
+use smarm::cluster::remote::{
+    self, demonitor_remote, monitor_remote, send_to_remote, RemoteName, RemotePid,
+};
+use smarm::cluster::{start, Config, RemoteDownReason, StaticSeeds, Timing};
+use smarm::pg::Incarnation;
+use smarm::{
+    channel, gen_server, install, register, run, spawn, Addressable, DownReason, Erased, Name, Pid,
+};
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+// ---- message types (hand-rolled serde; the crate is derive-less) ---------
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct Ctl {
+    cmd: String,
+    reply_to: RemotePid<Client>,
+}
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct Answer {
+    text: String,
+    pid: Option<RemotePid<Erased>>,
+}
+struct Client;
+impl Addressable for Client {
+    type Msg = Answer;
+}
+
+impl serde::Serialize for Ctl {
+    fn serialize<S: serde::Serializer>(&self, s: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error> {
+        use serde::ser::SerializeTuple;
+        let mut t = s.serialize_tuple(2)?;
+        t.serialize_element(&self.cmd)?;
+        t.serialize_element(&self.reply_to)?;
+        t.end()
+    }
+}
+impl<'de> serde::Deserialize<'de> for Ctl {
+    fn deserialize<D: serde::Deserializer<'de>>(d: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error> {
+        let (cmd, reply_to) = <(String, RemotePid<Client>)>::deserialize(d)?;
+        Ok(Ctl { cmd, reply_to })
+    }
+}
+impl serde::Serialize for Answer {
+    fn serialize<S: serde::Serializer>(&self, s: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error> {
+        use serde::ser::SerializeTuple;
+        let mut t = s.serialize_tuple(2)?;
+        t.serialize_element(&self.text)?;
+        t.serialize_element(&self.pid)?;
+        t.end()
+    }
+}
+impl<'de> serde::Deserialize<'de> for Answer {
+    fn deserialize<D: serde::Deserializer<'de>>(d: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error> {
+        let (text, pid) = <(String, Option<RemotePid<Erased>>)>::deserialize(d)?;
+        Ok(Answer { text, pid })
+    }
+}
+
+// ================= local suite =========================================
+
+/// A `Monitor` command handed to the connection but never processed (its
+/// receiver dropped unread) reads as `Disconnected` — once. A second read
+/// is the ordinary closed-channel `Err`, so "exactly one notice" holds.
+#[test]
+fn unread_command_reads_as_disconnected_once() {
+    maybe_child(ROLES);
+    run(|| {
+        remote::set_local_identity("me", Incarnation::new(7));
+        let (probe_tx, _probe_rx) = channel();
+        let inbox =
+            remote::bind_outbound_probe_with_monitors("peer", Incarnation::new(5), probe_tx);
+        let target = RemotePid::<Erased>::from_parts("peer", Incarnation::new(5), 9, 1);
+        let m = monitor_remote(target.clone());
+        assert!(
+            matches!(m.try_recv(), Ok(None)),
+            "command is in flight, no notice yet"
+        );
+        drop(inbox); // the conn actor died with the command unread
+        let d = m.recv().unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(d.pid, target);
+        assert_eq!(d.reason, RemoteDownReason::Disconnected);
+        assert!(
+            m.recv().is_err(),
+            "second read is closed, not a second notice"
+        );
+        assert!(m.try_recv().is_err());
+    });
+}
+
+/// After `demonitor_remote`, a closed channel is a closed channel: no
+/// notice is synthesized for a monitor the caller cancelled.
+#[test]
+fn cancelled_monitor_never_synthesizes() {
+    maybe_child(ROLES);
+    run(|| {
+        remote::set_local_identity("me", Incarnation::new(7));
+        let (probe_tx, _probe_rx) = channel();
+        let inbox =
+            remote::bind_outbound_probe_with_monitors("peer", Incarnation::new(5), probe_tx);
+        let target = RemotePid::<Erased>::from_parts("peer", Incarnation::new(5), 9, 1);
+        let m = monitor_remote(target);
+        demonitor_remote(&m);
+        drop(inbox);
+        assert!(m.recv().is_err());
+        assert!(m.try_recv().is_err());
+    });
+}
+
+// ================= cross-process ======================================
+
+const ROLES: &[(&str, fn())] = &[
+    ("server", role_server),
+    ("client", role_client),
+    ("client_stop", role_client_stop),
+];
+
+const CTL: Name<Ctl> = Name::new("c13.ctl");
+
+fn cfg(name: &str, seeds: Vec<(String, String)>) -> Config {
+    Config {
+        node_name: name.to_string(),
+        meta: NodeMeta {
+            role: "c13".into(),
+            region: "local".into(),
+        },
+        listen_addr: std::env::var("SMARM_LISTEN_ADDR").unwrap_or_else(|_| "127.0.0.1:0".into()),
+        strategy: Box::new(StaticSeeds::new(seeds)),
+        timing: timing(),
+    }
+}
+
+/// The p11 knobs make the liveness test fast: both roles of that test are
+/// spawned with `SMARM_FAST_TIMING=1` and agree on a 100ms heartbeat /
+/// 500ms liveness window. Everything else runs the shipping defaults.
+fn timing() -> Timing {
+    if std::env::var_os("SMARM_FAST_TIMING").is_some() {
+        Timing {
+            heartbeat_interval: Duration::from_millis(100),
+            liveness_timeout: Duration::from_millis(500),
+            initial_backoff: Duration::from_millis(50),
+            max_backoff: Duration::from_millis(500),
+            ..Timing::default()
+        }
+    } else {
+        Timing::default()
+    }
+}
+
+fn wait_up(events: &smarm::cluster::membership::MembershipEvents, who: &str) {
+    loop {
+        match events.rx.recv() {
+            Ok(NodeEvent::NodeUp(i)) if i.name == who => return,
+            Ok(_) => continue,
+            Err(_) => panic!("manager gone"),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn disconnect(name: &str) {
+    assert!(matches!(
+        gen_server::call(
+            MANAGER,
+            Call::Disconnect {
+                name: name.to_string()
+            }
+        ),
+        Ok(Reply::Disconnected)
+    ));
+}
+
+/// Server: `spawn` ⇒ a parked worker (answer carries its pid);
+/// `kill:<index>` releases it, whereupon it returns (Exit).
+fn role_server() {
+    smarm::run(move || {
+        let cluster = start(cfg("server", vec![])).expect("binds");
+        println!("LISTENING {}", cluster.local_addr());
+        let (tx, rx) = channel::<Ctl>();
+        register(CTL, tx).unwrap();
+        expose(CTL);
+        println!("READY");
+        let mut workers: HashMap<u32, smarm::channel::Sender<()>> = HashMap::new();
+        loop {
+            let ctl = rx.recv().unwrap();
+            println!("CTL {}", ctl.cmd);
+            let (text, pid): (String, Option<RemotePid<Erased>>) = match ctl.cmd.as_str() {
+                "spawn" => {
+                    let (go_tx, go_rx) = channel::<()>();
+                    let p: Pid = spawn(move || {
+                        let _ = go_rx.recv();
+                    })
+                    .pid();
+                    workers.insert(p.index(), go_tx);
+                    (
+                        "ok".into(),
+                        Some(RemotePid::from_local(p).expect("identity set")),
+                    )
+                }
+                other => {
+                    let idx: u32 = other.strip_prefix("kill:").unwrap().parse().unwrap();
+                    if let Some(go) = workers.remove(&idx) {
+                        let _ = go.send(());
+                    }
+                    ("killed".into(), None)
+                }
+            };
+            send_to_remote(ctl.reply_to, Answer { text, pid }).unwrap();
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+/// Client-side setup shared by both client roles: join, expose the reply
+/// path, hand back an `ask` closure and the membership stream.
+fn client_setup() -> (
+    smarm::cluster::Cluster,
+    smarm::cluster::membership::MembershipEvents,
+    impl Fn(&str) -> Answer,
+) {
+    let server_addr = std::env::var("SMARM_SERVER_ADDR").expect("SMARM_SERVER_ADDR");
+    let cluster = start(cfg("client", vec![("server".into(), server_addr)])).expect("binds");
+    let ev = subscribe().unwrap();
+    wait_up(&ev, "server");
+    let (tx, rx) = channel::<Answer>();
+    let me: Pid<Client> = install::<Client>(tx);
+    expose_type::<Answer>();
+    let ask = move |cmd: &str| -> Answer {
+        remote::send(
+            RemoteName::new("server", CTL),
+            Ctl {
+                cmd: cmd.into(),
+                reply_to: RemotePid::from_local(me).expect("identity set"),
+            },
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        rx.recv().unwrap()
+    };
+    (cluster, ev, ask)
+}
+
+fn role_client() {
+    smarm::run(move || {
+        let (_cluster, ev, ask) = client_setup();
+
+        // 1. Headline: actor death ⇒ TRUE reason; link cut ⇒ Disconnected.
+        let a = ask("spawn").pid.unwrap();
+        let b = ask("spawn").pid.unwrap();
+        let ma = monitor_remote(a.clone());
+        let mb = monitor_remote(b.clone());
+        ask(&format!("kill:{}", a.index()));
+        let d = ma.recv().unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(d.pid, a);
+        println!("DOWN actor {:?}", d.reason);
+        disconnect("server");
+        let d = mb.recv().unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(d.pid, b);
+        println!("DOWN link {:?}", d.reason);
+
+        // 2. Reconnect does not resurrect. The connector redials on
+        //    node_down; over the NEW link a fresh monitor delivers, while
+        //    the old one (already answered) yields nothing further — order
+        //    proves it, and `b` is even still alive on the server.
+        wait_up(&ev, "server");
+        println!("RECONNECTED");
+        let c = ask("spawn").pid.unwrap();
+        let mc = monitor_remote(c.clone());
+        ask(&format!("kill:{}", b.index()));
+        ask(&format!("kill:{}", c.index()));
+        assert_eq!(mc.recv().unwrap().reason, DownReason::Exit.into());
+        let stray = matches!(mb.try_recv(), Ok(Some(_)));
+        println!("RESURRECT stray={stray}");
+
+        // 3. Peer PROCESS killed ⇒ Disconnected too (nobody is left to send
+        //    Down): the parent SIGKILLs the server once it sees the marker.
+        let e = ask("spawn").pid.unwrap();
+        let me_ = monitor_remote(e.clone());
+        println!("KILL SERVER NOW");
+        let d = me_.recv().unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(d.pid, e);
+        println!("DOWN procdeath {:?}", d.reason);
+
+        println!("CLIENT DONE");
+        loop {
+            smarm::sleep(Duration::from_secs(3600));
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+/// The slow role: liveness expiry (peer SIGSTOPped) followed by the link
+/// dropping for real (peer SIGKILLed) — one monitor, exactly one notice.
+fn role_client_stop() {
+    smarm::run(move || {
+        let (_cluster, _ev, ask) = client_setup();
+        let a = ask("spawn").pid.unwrap();
+        let ma = monitor_remote(a.clone());
+        println!("STOP SERVER NOW");
+        let d = ma.recv().unwrap(); // liveness expiry, ~liveness_timeout
+        assert_eq!(d.pid, a);
+        println!("DOWN stopped {:?}", d.reason);
+        println!("KILL SERVER NOW");
+        // Give the drop every chance to produce a second notice, then look.
+        smarm::sleep(Duration::from_secs(1));
+        let dup = matches!(ma.try_recv(), Ok(Some(_)));
+        println!("DUPLICATE dup={dup}");
+        println!("CLIENT DONE");
+        loop {
+            smarm::sleep(Duration::from_secs(3600));
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+/// The Phase 4 c13 gate: partition vs. death distinguishable; nothing
+/// survives reconnect; a dead peer process is a Disconnected too.
+#[test]
+fn link_loss_is_disconnected_and_does_not_survive_reconnect() {
+    maybe_child(ROLES);
+    let mut server = spawn_node("server", &[]);
+    let saddr = server.wait_listening();
+    server.wait_line("READY", |l| l == "READY");
+    let mut client = spawn_node("client", &[("SMARM_SERVER_ADDR", &saddr)]);
+    client.wait_line("DOWN actor Local(Exit)", |l| l == "DOWN actor Local(Exit)");
+    client.wait_line("DOWN link Disconnected", |l| l == "DOWN link Disconnected");
+    client.wait_line("RECONNECTED", |l| l == "RECONNECTED");
+    client.wait_line("RESURRECT stray=false", |l| l == "RESURRECT stray=false");
+    client.wait_line("KILL SERVER NOW", |l| l == "KILL SERVER NOW");
+    server.kill();
+    client.wait_line("DOWN procdeath Disconnected", |l| {
+        l == "DOWN procdeath Disconnected"
+    });
+    client.wait_line("CLIENT DONE", |l| l == "CLIENT DONE");
+}
+
+/// Covers the invariant the headline test cannot: liveness expiry and the
+/// transport drop both firing for the same connection yield ONE notice.
+/// Runs on the fast [`timing`] (both roles) — was `#[ignore]`d at the 4s
+/// default until the p11 knobs landed.
+#[test]
+fn timeout_then_drop_yields_one_notice() {
+    maybe_child(ROLES);
+    let fast = ("SMARM_FAST_TIMING", "1");
+    let mut server = spawn_node("server", &[fast]);
+    let saddr = server.wait_listening();
+    server.wait_line("READY", |l| l == "READY");
+    let mut client = spawn_node("client_stop", &[("SMARM_SERVER_ADDR", &saddr), fast]);
+    client.wait_line("STOP SERVER NOW", |l| l == "STOP SERVER NOW");
+    let spid = server.pid().expect("server alive") as libc::pid_t;
+    assert_eq!(unsafe { libc::kill(spid, libc::SIGSTOP) }, 0);
+    client.wait_line("DOWN stopped Disconnected", |l| {
+        l == "DOWN stopped Disconnected"
+    });
+    client.wait_line("KILL SERVER NOW", |l| l == "KILL SERVER NOW");
+    server.kill(); // SIGKILL works on a stopped process; Drop would too
+    client.wait_line("DUPLICATE dup=false", |l| l == "DUPLICATE dup=false");
+    client.wait_line("CLIENT DONE", |l| l == "CLIENT DONE");
+}

tests/cluster_discovery_withdraw.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+//! RFC 010 — `Discovery::Withdrawn`: a strategy retracts a candidate and the
+//! connector stops dialing it.
+//!
+//! Cross-process: a plain *server* node, and a *client* whose strategy is a
+//! script: announce a decoy `(ghost, addr)` where `addr` is a raw
+//! `TcpListener` the client itself holds (an OS thread accepts and
+//! immediately closes, so every dial fails at handshake and the connector
+//! keeps retrying on backoff — the accept count is the dial count); after a
+//! beat, withdraw the decoy and announce the real server. The client waits
+//! for the server's `node_up` — which is *after* the withdrawal in the
+//! strategy's own stream — then watches the decoy's accept count stay flat
+//! across a window longer than the pending backoff. Before withdrawal it
+//! must have been climbing (≥ 1), or the negative proves nothing.
+#![cfg(feature = "cluster")]
+
+mod common;
+
+use common::{maybe_child, spawn_node};
+use smarm::channel::Sender;
+use smarm::cluster::discovery::{Discovery, Strategy};
+use smarm::cluster::envelope::NodeMeta;
+use smarm::cluster::membership::{subscribe, NodeEvent};
+use smarm::cluster::{start, Config, StaticSeeds, Timing};
+use std::net::TcpListener;
+use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering};
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
+
+const ROLES: &[(&str, fn())] = &[("server", role_server), ("client", role_client)];
+
+fn meta() -> NodeMeta {
+    NodeMeta {
+        role: "withdraw".into(),
+        region: "local".into(),
+    }
+}
+
+fn role_server() {
+    smarm::run(|| {
+        let cluster = start(Config {
+            node_name: "server".into(),
+            meta: meta(),
+            listen_addr: std::env::var("SMARM_LISTEN_ADDR")
+                .unwrap_or_else(|_| "127.0.0.1:0".into()),
+            strategy: Box::new(StaticSeeds::new(Vec::<(String, String)>::new())),
+            timing: Timing::default(),
+        })
+        .expect("binds");
+        println!("LISTENING {}", cluster.local_addr());
+        loop {
+            smarm::sleep(Duration::from_secs(3600));
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+/// Scripted strategy: decoy, pause, withdraw decoy, real server, done.
+struct Script {
+    decoy: String,
+    server: String,
+}
+
+impl Strategy for Script {
+    fn run(self: Box<Self>, out: Sender<Discovery>) {
+        let _ = out.send(Discovery::Candidate {
+            name: "ghost".into(),
+            addr: self.decoy.clone(),
+        });
+        // Long enough for the 250ms/500ms retries to land: ≥ 3 dials.
+        smarm::sleep(Duration::from_millis(1100));
+        let _ = out.send(Discovery::Withdrawn {
+            name: "ghost".into(),
+            addr: self.decoy,
+        });
+        let _ = out.send(Discovery::Candidate {
+            name: "server".into(),
+            addr: self.server,
+        });
+    }
+}
+
+fn role_client() {
+    let server_addr = std::env::var("SMARM_SERVER_ADDR").expect("SMARM_SERVER_ADDR");
+    // The decoy: accept-and-close on an OS thread; count every accept.
+    let decoy = TcpListener::bind("127.0.0.1:0").unwrap();
+    let decoy_addr = decoy.local_addr().unwrap().to_string();
+    let dials = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
+    let counter = dials.clone();
+    std::thread::spawn(move || {
+        for conn in decoy.incoming() {
+            counter.fetch_add(1, Ordering::SeqCst);
+            drop(conn);
+        }
+    });
+
+    smarm::run(move || {
+        let _cluster = start(Config {
+            node_name: "client".into(),
+            meta: meta(),
+            listen_addr: "127.0.0.1:0".into(),
+            strategy: Box::new(Script {
+                decoy: decoy_addr,
+                server: server_addr,
+            }),
+            timing: Timing::default(),
+        })
+        .expect("binds");
+        let ev = subscribe().unwrap();
+        loop {
+            match ev.rx.recv() {
+                Ok(NodeEvent::NodeUp(i)) if i.name == "server" => break,
+                Ok(_) => continue,
+                Err(_) => panic!("manager gone"),
+            }
+        }
+        // The withdrawal preceded the server candidate in the strategy's
+        // stream, so it has been applied. Any dial that started before it
+        // is bounded by the connect+handshake deadlines; let it drain, then
+        // hold the count flat across a window longer than the pending
+        // backoff would be (1s at this point, 2s next).
+        let before = dials.load(Ordering::SeqCst);
+        smarm::sleep(Duration::from_millis(500));
+        let settled = dials.load(Ordering::SeqCst);
+        let t0 = Instant::now();
+        while t0.elapsed() < Duration::from_millis(3000) {
+            smarm::sleep(Duration::from_millis(100));
+        }
+        let after = dials.load(Ordering::SeqCst);
+        println!("WITHDRAWN before={before} settled={settled} after={after}");
+        println!("CLIENT DONE");
+        loop {
+            smarm::sleep(Duration::from_secs(3600));
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn withdrawn_candidate_is_no_longer_dialed() {
+    maybe_child(ROLES);
+    let mut server = spawn_node("server", &[]);
+    let saddr = server.wait_listening();
+    let mut client = spawn_node("client", &[("SMARM_SERVER_ADDR", &saddr)]);
+    let line = client.wait_line("WITHDRAWN", |l| l.starts_with("WITHDRAWN "));
+    let mut nums = line
+        .split_whitespace()
+        .skip(1)
+        .map(|kv| kv.split_once('=').unwrap().1.parse::<usize>().unwrap());
+    let (before, settled, after) = (
+        nums.next().unwrap(),
+        nums.next().unwrap(),
+        nums.next().unwrap(),
+    );
+    assert!(
+        before >= 1,
+        "decoy was never dialed; the negative proves nothing: {line}"
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        settled, after,
+        "connector kept dialing a withdrawn candidate: {line}"
+    );
+    client.wait_line("CLIENT DONE", |l| l == "CLIENT DONE");
+}

tests/cluster_envelope.rs

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ use smarm::cluster::envelope::{
     decode_payload, encode_payload, DecodeError, Frame, NodeMeta, RejectReason, MAX_FRAME_LEN,
     PROTO_VERSION,
 };
+use smarm::cluster::RemoteDownReason;
 use smarm::monitor::DownReason;
 use smarm::pg::Incarnation;
 
@@ -55,7 +56,11 @@ fn all_frames() -> Vec<Frame> {
         Frame::Demonitor { monitor_id: 77 },
         Frame::Down {
             monitor_id: 77,
-            reason: DownReason::Panic,
+            reason: RemoteDownReason::Local(DownReason::Panic),
+        },
+        Frame::Down {
+            monitor_id: 78,
+            reason: RemoteDownReason::Disconnected,
         },
     ]
 }
@@ -151,7 +156,7 @@ fn unknown_enum_tags() {
     assert_eq!(
         Frame::decode(&buf),
         Err(DecodeError::UnknownEnumTag {
-            what: "DownReason",
+            what: "RemoteDownReason",
             tag: 200
         })
     );

tests/cluster_handshake.rs

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 
 use smarm::cluster::envelope::{Frame, NodeMeta, RejectReason, PROTO_VERSION};
 use smarm::cluster::handshake::{
-    dial_wins, HelloCtx, Initiator, InitiatorOutcome, Local, Responder, ResponderOutcome,
+    dial_wins, Initiator, InitiatorOutcome, Local, PeerStanding, Responder, ResponderOutcome,
 };
 use smarm::pg::Incarnation;
 
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ fn happy_path_establishes_both_ends() {
     assert_eq!(hello, hello_from("alpha"), "initiator emits its identity");
 
     let responder = Responder::new(local("beta"));
-    let (reply, peer) = match responder.on_frame(hello, HelloCtx::default()) {
+    let (reply, peer) = match responder.on_frame(hello, PeerStanding::Free) {
         ResponderOutcome::Accepted { reply, peer } => (reply, peer),
         other => panic!("expected Accepted, got {other:?}"),
     };
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ fn hash_mismatch_rejected() {
         incarnation: Incarnation::new(7),
         meta: local("alpha").meta,
     };
-    match responder.on_frame(hello, HelloCtx::default()) {
+    match responder.on_frame(hello, PeerStanding::Free) {
         ResponderOutcome::Rejected { reply, reason } => {
             assert_eq!(reason, RejectReason::HashMismatch);
             assert_eq!(reply, Frame::HelloReject { reason });
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ fn proto_version_mismatch_rejected_and_checked_first() {
         incarnation: Incarnation::new(7),
         meta: local("alpha").meta,
     };
-    match responder.on_frame(hello, HelloCtx::default()) {
+    match responder.on_frame(hello, PeerStanding::Free) {
         ResponderOutcome::Rejected { reason, .. } => {
             assert_eq!(reason, RejectReason::ProtoVersion);
         }
@@ -123,10 +123,7 @@ fn proto_version_mismatch_rejected_and_checked_first() {
 #[test]
 fn claimed_name_rejected() {
     let responder = Responder::new(local("beta"));
-    let ctx = HelloCtx {
+    let ctx = PeerStanding::Claimed;
-        name_claimed: true,
-        dialing_this_peer: false,
-    };
     match responder.on_frame(hello_from("alpha"), ctx) {
         ResponderOutcome::Rejected { reason, .. } => {
             assert_eq!(reason, RejectReason::NameTaken);
@@ -139,7 +136,7 @@ fn claimed_name_rejected() {
 fn own_name_offered_rejected_as_name_taken() {
     // Self-connect or genuine collision: the responder's own name arrives.
     let responder = Responder::new(local("beta"));
-    match responder.on_frame(hello_from("beta"), HelloCtx::default()) {
+    match responder.on_frame(hello_from("beta"), PeerStanding::Free) {
         ResponderOutcome::Rejected { reason, .. } => {
             assert_eq!(reason, RejectReason::NameTaken);
         }
@@ -158,10 +155,7 @@ fn hash_checked_before_name() {
         incarnation: Incarnation::new(7),
         meta: local("alpha").meta,
     };
-    let ctx = HelloCtx {
+    let ctx = PeerStanding::Claimed;
-        name_claimed: true,
-        dialing_this_peer: false,
-    };
     match responder.on_frame(hello, ctx) {
         ResponderOutcome::Rejected { reason, .. } => {
             assert_eq!(reason, RejectReason::HashMismatch);
@@ -184,10 +178,7 @@ fn dial_wins_is_deterministic_and_antisymmetric() {
 fn simultaneous_connect_exactly_one_side_accepts() {
     // alpha and beta dial each other at once. Each responder sees the peer's
     // Hello while its own dial is in flight.
-    let ctx = HelloCtx {
+    let ctx = PeerStanding::Dialing;
-        name_claimed: false,
-        dialing_this_peer: true,
-    };
 
     // On beta: inbound is alpha's dial; alpha < beta, so the inbound wins.
     let on_beta = Responder::new(local("beta")).on_frame(hello_from("alpha"), ctx);
@@ -208,7 +199,7 @@ fn simultaneous_connect_exactly_one_side_accepts() {
 #[test]
 fn tiebreak_loss_only_applies_when_dialing() {
     // Same inbound Hello, no dial in flight: plain accept.
-    let on_alpha = Responder::new(local("alpha")).on_frame(hello_from("beta"), HelloCtx::default());
+    let on_alpha = Responder::new(local("alpha")).on_frame(hello_from("beta"), PeerStanding::Free);
     assert!(matches!(on_alpha, ResponderOutcome::Accepted { .. }));
 }
 
@@ -225,7 +216,7 @@ fn garbage_before_hello_fails_without_reply() {
         },
         Frame::Demonitor { monitor_id: 3 },
     ] {
-        let out = Responder::new(local("beta")).on_frame(frame.clone(), HelloCtx::default());
+        let out = Responder::new(local("beta")).on_frame(frame.clone(), PeerStanding::Free);
         match out {
             ResponderOutcome::Failed(f) => assert_eq!(f, frame),
             other => panic!("expected Failed({frame:?}), got {other:?}"),

tests/cluster_membership.rs

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ use smarm::cluster::membership::{subscribe, view, MembershipEvents, NodeEvent};
 use smarm::cluster::spawn_established;
 use smarm::cluster::transport::tcp::TcpTransport;
 use smarm::cluster::transport::{Conn, FramedConn, Transport};
+use smarm::cluster::Timing;
 use smarm::gen_server::{self, GenServerBuilder};
 use smarm::pg::{Incarnation, NodeId};
 use smarm::run;
@@ -85,8 +86,10 @@ fn subscriber_sees_up_and_down() {
         let t = TcpTransport;
         let (a1, b1) = pair(&t);
         let (a2, b2) = pair(&t);
-        spawn_established(FramedConn::new(a1), peer("node-b", 1)).expect("node-b registers");
+        spawn_established(FramedConn::new(a1), peer("node-b", 1), Timing::default())
-        spawn_established(FramedConn::new(a2), peer("node-c", 1)).expect("node-c registers");
+            .expect("node-b registers");
+        spawn_established(FramedConn::new(a2), peer("node-c", 1), Timing::default())
+            .expect("node-c registers");
 
         let up_b = match next_event(&ev, "node_up(node-b)") {
             NodeEvent::NodeUp(info) => {
@@ -110,14 +113,14 @@ fn subscriber_sees_up_and_down() {
         disconnect("node-b");
         assert_eq!(
             next_event(&ev, "node_down(node-b)"),
-            NodeEvent::NodeDown { node: up_b.node }
+            NodeEvent::NodeDown(up_b.clone())
         );
 
         // Peer EOF, no command: down with node-c's id.
         drop(b2);
         assert_eq!(
             next_event(&ev, "node_down(node-c)"),
-            NodeEvent::NodeDown { node: up_c.node }
+            NodeEvent::NodeDown(up_c.clone())
         );
         assert_quiet(&ev);
 
@@ -140,8 +143,10 @@ fn late_subscriber_gets_snapshot_and_view_agrees() {
         let t = TcpTransport;
         let (a1, b1) = pair(&t);
         let (a2, b2) = pair(&t);
-        spawn_established(FramedConn::new(a1), peer("node-b", 1)).expect("node-b registers");
+        spawn_established(FramedConn::new(a1), peer("node-b", 1), Timing::default())
-        spawn_established(FramedConn::new(a2), peer("node-c", 1)).expect("node-c registers");
+            .expect("node-b registers");
+        spawn_established(FramedConn::new(a2), peer("node-c", 1), Timing::default())
+            .expect("node-c registers");
 
         let ev = subscribe().expect("manager is up");
         let mut names = Vec::new();
@@ -190,20 +195,25 @@ fn restart_gets_new_id_blip_keeps_id() {
                 other => panic!("expected node_up ({what}), got {other:?}"),
             }
         };
+        let down_id = |e: NodeEvent, what: &str| -> NodeId {
+            match e {
+                NodeEvent::NodeDown(info) => info.node,
+                other => panic!("expected node_down ({what}), got {other:?}"),
+            }
+        };
 
         // Up at incarnation 1, then the peer dies (EOF).
         let (a1, b1) = pair(&t);
-        spawn_established(FramedConn::new(a1), peer("node-b", 1)).expect("registers");
+        spawn_established(FramedConn::new(a1), peer("node-b", 1), Timing::default())
+            .expect("registers");
         let id1 = id(next_event(&ev, "node_up inc 1"), "inc 1");
         drop(b1);
-        assert_eq!(
+        assert_eq!(down_id(next_event(&ev, "node_down inc 1"), "inc 1"), id1);
-            next_event(&ev, "node_down inc 1"),
-            NodeEvent::NodeDown { node: id1 }
-        );
 
         // Restart: new incarnation, new id — the ghost's id is not reused.
         let (a2, b2) = pair(&t);
-        spawn_established(FramedConn::new(a2), peer("node-b", 2)).expect("registers");
+        spawn_established(FramedConn::new(a2), peer("node-b", 2), Timing::default())
+            .expect("registers");
         let id2 = id(next_event(&ev, "node_up inc 2"), "inc 2");
         assert_ne!(
             id1, id2,
@@ -212,12 +222,10 @@ fn restart_gets_new_id_blip_keeps_id() {
 
         // Blip: the same incarnation reconnects and keeps its id.
         disconnect("node-b");
-        assert_eq!(
+        assert_eq!(down_id(next_event(&ev, "node_down inc 2"), "inc 2"), id2);
-            next_event(&ev, "node_down inc 2"),
-            NodeEvent::NodeDown { node: id2 }
-        );
         let (a3, b3) = pair(&t);
-        spawn_established(FramedConn::new(a3), peer("node-b", 2)).expect("registers");
+        spawn_established(FramedConn::new(a3), peer("node-b", 2), Timing::default())
+            .expect("registers");
         let id3 = id(next_event(&ev, "node_up after blip"), "blip");
         assert_eq!(
             id2, id3,
@@ -247,7 +255,8 @@ fn dead_subscriber_is_pruned() {
 
         let t = TcpTransport;
         let (a1, b1) = pair(&t);
-        spawn_established(FramedConn::new(a1), peer("node-b", 1)).expect("registers");
+        spawn_established(FramedConn::new(a1), peer("node-b", 1), Timing::default())
+            .expect("registers");
         match next_event(&live, "node_up despite a dead co-subscriber") {
             NodeEvent::NodeUp(info) => assert_eq!(info.name, "node-b"),
             other => panic!("expected node_up, got {other:?}"),

tests/cluster_mesh.rs

@@ -24,9 +24,7 @@ mod common;
 use common::{maybe_child, spawn_node, Node};
 use smarm::cluster::envelope::NodeMeta;
 use smarm::cluster::membership::{subscribe, NodeEvent};
-use smarm::cluster::{start, Config, StaticSeeds};
+use smarm::cluster::{start, Config, StaticSeeds, Timing};
-use smarm::pg::NodeId;
-use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::time::Duration;
 
 const ROLES: &[(&str, fn())] = &[("node", role_node)];
@@ -56,21 +54,19 @@ fn role_node() {
             },
             listen_addr: listen,
             strategy: Box::new(StaticSeeds::new(seeds)),
+            timing: Timing::default(),
         })
         .expect("listener binds");
         println!("LISTENING {}", cluster.local_addr());
 
         let events = subscribe().expect("manager is up");
-        let mut names: HashMap<NodeId, String> = HashMap::new();
         loop {
             match events.rx.recv() {
                 Ok(NodeEvent::NodeUp(info)) => {
-                    names.insert(info.node, info.name.clone());
                     println!("MEMBER-UP {} inc={}", info.name, info.incarnation.get());
                 }
-                Ok(NodeEvent::NodeDown { node }) => {
+                Ok(NodeEvent::NodeDown(info)) => {
-                    let name = names.remove(&node).unwrap_or_else(|| "?".to_string());
+                    println!("MEMBER-DOWN {}", info.name);
-                    println!("MEMBER-DOWN {name}");
                 }
                 Err(_) => break, // manager gone; park below regardless
             }

tests/cluster_monitor.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,359 @@
+//! RFC 010 c12 — remote monitors.
+//!
+//! Local suite (`run()`, no network): the immediate answers — no connection
+//! ⇒ `Disconnected`, dead incarnation ⇒ `NoProc` — and the self-node
+//! collapse (a plain local monitor underneath, incl. `demonitor_remote`).
+//!
+//! Cross-process: a *server* exposes a control name and spawns workers on
+//! request, replying with each worker's pid (via `RemotePid::from_local`,
+//! the D12 set-site) or, for the deliberately unshipped one, only its raw
+//! slot numbers. The *client* monitors them and asserts: kill ⇒ the true
+//! reason (Exit / Panic); a corpse ⇒ its recorded terminal reason, not
+//! NoProc; a live pid that never crossed the wire ⇒ NoProc (no liveness
+//! leak); a demonitor racing the kill ⇒ no notice, proven by stream ORDER
+//! (a later notice on the same connection arrives while the earlier slot
+//! is still empty), not by sleeping.
+#![cfg(feature = "cluster")]
+
+mod common;
+
+use common::{maybe_child, spawn_node};
+use smarm::cluster::envelope::NodeMeta;
+use smarm::cluster::expose::{expose, expose_type};
+use smarm::cluster::membership::{subscribe, NodeEvent};
+use smarm::cluster::remote::{
+    self, demonitor_remote, monitor_remote, send_to_remote, RemoteName, RemotePid,
+};
+use smarm::cluster::{start, Config, RemoteDownReason, StaticSeeds, Timing};
+use smarm::pg::Incarnation;
+use smarm::{channel, install, register, run, spawn, Addressable, DownReason, Erased, Name, Pid};
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+// ---- message types (hand-rolled serde; the crate is derive-less) ---------
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct Ctl {
+    cmd: String,
+    reply_to: RemotePid<Client>,
+}
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct Answer {
+    text: String,
+    pid: Option<RemotePid<Erased>>,
+}
+struct Client;
+impl Addressable for Client {
+    type Msg = Answer;
+}
+
+impl serde::Serialize for Ctl {
+    fn serialize<S: serde::Serializer>(&self, s: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error> {
+        use serde::ser::SerializeTuple;
+        let mut t = s.serialize_tuple(2)?;
+        t.serialize_element(&self.cmd)?;
+        t.serialize_element(&self.reply_to)?;
+        t.end()
+    }
+}
+impl<'de> serde::Deserialize<'de> for Ctl {
+    fn deserialize<D: serde::Deserializer<'de>>(d: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error> {
+        let (cmd, reply_to) = <(String, RemotePid<Client>)>::deserialize(d)?;
+        Ok(Ctl { cmd, reply_to })
+    }
+}
+impl serde::Serialize for Answer {
+    fn serialize<S: serde::Serializer>(&self, s: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error> {
+        use serde::ser::SerializeTuple;
+        let mut t = s.serialize_tuple(2)?;
+        t.serialize_element(&self.text)?;
+        t.serialize_element(&self.pid)?;
+        t.end()
+    }
+}
+impl<'de> serde::Deserialize<'de> for Answer {
+    fn deserialize<D: serde::Deserializer<'de>>(d: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error> {
+        let (text, pid) = <(String, Option<RemotePid<Erased>>)>::deserialize(d)?;
+        Ok(Answer { text, pid })
+    }
+}
+
+// ================= local suite =========================================
+
+/// No connection to the pid's node: `Disconnected` at once — the remote
+/// analog of NoProc, and the first thing c11's variant is for.
+#[test]
+fn unconnected_node_is_disconnected_immediately() {
+    maybe_child(ROLES);
+    run(|| {
+        remote::set_local_identity("me", Incarnation::new(7));
+        let ghost = RemotePid::<Erased>::from_parts("nowhere", Incarnation::new(1), 3, 1);
+        let m = monitor_remote(ghost.clone());
+        let d = m.recv().unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(d.pid, ghost);
+        assert_eq!(d.reason, RemoteDownReason::Disconnected);
+    });
+}
+
+/// The node is connected but the pid names an earlier incarnation: the
+/// actor is a known corpse (RFC v2 §3), so `NoProc` at once — never
+/// `Disconnected`, nothing on the wire.
+#[test]
+fn dead_incarnation_is_noproc_immediately() {
+    maybe_child(ROLES);
+    run(|| {
+        remote::set_local_identity("me", Incarnation::new(7));
+        let (probe_tx, probe_rx) = channel();
+        remote::bind_outbound_probe("peer", Incarnation::new(5), probe_tx);
+        let stale = RemotePid::<Erased>::from_parts("peer", Incarnation::new(4), 9, 1);
+        let m = monitor_remote(stale);
+        assert_eq!(m.recv().unwrap().reason, DownReason::NoProc.into());
+        assert!(probe_rx.try_recv().unwrap().is_none(), "no frame emitted");
+    });
+}
+
+/// A self-node pid collapses to an ordinary local monitor: the true reason
+/// on exit, and `demonitor_remote` cancels it.
+#[test]
+fn self_node_pid_collapses_to_local_monitor() {
+    maybe_child(ROLES);
+    run(|| {
+        remote::set_local_identity("me", Incarnation::new(7));
+        let (go_tx, go_rx) = channel::<()>();
+        let (go2_tx, go2_rx) = channel::<()>();
+        let a = spawn(move || {
+            let _ = go_rx.recv();
+        })
+        .pid();
+        let b = spawn(move || {
+            let _ = go2_rx.recv();
+        })
+        .pid();
+        let ma = monitor_remote(RemotePid::from_local(a).expect("identity set"));
+        let mb = monitor_remote(RemotePid::from_local(b).expect("identity set"));
+        assert_ne!(ma.id, mb.id);
+        assert!(ma.target.local() == Some(a));
+
+        demonitor_remote(&mb);
+        go2_tx.send(()).unwrap();
+        go_tx.send(()).unwrap();
+        let d = ma.recv().unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(d.reason, DownReason::Exit.into());
+        assert_eq!(d.pid.local(), Some(a));
+        // `a` is down (its notice arrived), and `b` was killed first on the
+        // same scheduler — a notice for `b` would be here by now. After a
+        // demonitor the channel is closed-empty (`Err`), like the local one.
+        assert!(matches!(mb.try_recv(), Ok(None) | Err(_)));
+    });
+}
+
+// ================= cross-process ======================================
+
+const ROLES: &[(&str, fn())] = &[("server", role_server), ("client", role_client)];
+
+const CTL: Name<Ctl> = Name::new("c12.ctl");
+
+fn cfg(name: &str, seeds: Vec<(String, String)>) -> Config {
+    Config {
+        node_name: name.to_string(),
+        meta: NodeMeta {
+            role: "c12".into(),
+            region: "local".into(),
+        },
+        listen_addr: std::env::var("SMARM_LISTEN_ADDR").unwrap_or_else(|_| "127.0.0.1:0".into()),
+        strategy: Box::new(StaticSeeds::new(seeds)),
+        timing: Timing::default(),
+    }
+}
+
+fn wait_up(events: &smarm::cluster::membership::MembershipEvents, who: &str) {
+    loop {
+        match events.rx.recv() {
+            Ok(NodeEvent::NodeUp(i)) if i.name == who => return,
+            Ok(_) => continue,
+            Err(_) => panic!("manager gone"),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Server commands (all answered to `reply_to`):
+/// - `spawn:exit` / `spawn:panic` — a parked worker; `kill:<index>` releases
+///   it, whereupon it returns / panics. Answer carries its pid.
+/// - `spawn:corpse` — a worker that has already exited when the answer is
+///   sent; the pid was shipped (watchable) before it died.
+/// - `spawn:unwatched` — a parked worker whose pid is NEVER shipped; the
+///   answer carries only `text = "slot:<index>:<generation>"`.
+fn role_server() {
+    smarm::run(move || {
+        let cluster = start(cfg("server", vec![])).expect("binds");
+        println!("LISTENING {}", cluster.local_addr());
+        let (tx, rx) = channel::<Ctl>();
+        register(CTL, tx).unwrap();
+        expose(CTL);
+        println!("READY");
+        let mut workers: HashMap<u32, smarm::channel::Sender<()>> = HashMap::new();
+        loop {
+            let ctl = rx.recv().unwrap();
+            println!("CTL {}", ctl.cmd);
+            let (text, pid): (String, Option<RemotePid<Erased>>) = match ctl.cmd.as_str() {
+                "spawn:exit" | "spawn:panic" => {
+                    let panic = ctl.cmd == "spawn:panic";
+                    let (go_tx, go_rx) = channel::<()>();
+                    let p: Pid = spawn(move || {
+                        let _ = go_rx.recv();
+                        if panic {
+                            panic!("worker asked to panic");
+                        }
+                    })
+                    .pid();
+                    workers.insert(p.index(), go_tx);
+                    (
+                        "ok".into(),
+                        Some(RemotePid::from_local(p).expect("identity set")),
+                    )
+                }
+                "spawn:corpse" => {
+                    let p: Pid = spawn(|| {}).pid();
+                    let rp = RemotePid::from_local(p).expect("identity set"); // shipped ⇒ watchable
+                    let m = smarm::monitor(p);
+                    let _ = m.rx.recv(); // dead before the answer goes out
+                    ("ok".into(), Some(rp))
+                }
+                "spawn:unwatched" => {
+                    let (go_tx, go_rx) = channel::<()>();
+                    let p: Pid = spawn(move || {
+                        let _ = go_rx.recv();
+                    })
+                    .pid();
+                    workers.insert(p.index(), go_tx);
+                    (format!("slot:{}:{}", p.index(), p.generation()), None)
+                }
+                other => {
+                    let idx: u32 = other.strip_prefix("kill:").unwrap().parse().unwrap();
+                    if let Some(go) = workers.remove(&idx) {
+                        let _ = go.send(());
+                    }
+                    ("killed".into(), None)
+                }
+            };
+            send_to_remote(ctl.reply_to, Answer { text, pid }).unwrap();
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+fn role_client() {
+    let server_addr = std::env::var("SMARM_SERVER_ADDR").expect("SMARM_SERVER_ADDR");
+    smarm::run(move || {
+        let _cluster = start(cfg("client", vec![("server".into(), server_addr)])).expect("binds");
+        let ev = subscribe().unwrap();
+        wait_up(&ev, "server");
+        let (tx, rx) = channel::<Answer>();
+        let me: Pid<Client> = install::<Client>(tx);
+        expose_type::<Answer>();
+        let ask = |cmd: &str| -> Answer {
+            remote::send(
+                RemoteName::new("server", CTL),
+                Ctl {
+                    cmd: cmd.into(),
+                    reply_to: RemotePid::from_local(me).expect("identity set"),
+                },
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            rx.recv().unwrap()
+        };
+        let server_inc = ev_incarnation();
+
+        // 1. kill ⇒ true reason (Exit).
+        let a = ask("spawn:exit").pid.unwrap();
+        let ma = monitor_remote(a.clone());
+        ask(&format!("kill:{}", a.index()));
+        let d = ma.recv().unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(d.pid, a);
+        println!("DOWN exit {:?}", d.reason);
+
+        // 2. kill ⇒ true reason (Panic).
+        let b = ask("spawn:panic").pid.unwrap();
+        let mb = monitor_remote(b.clone());
+        ask(&format!("kill:{}", b.index()));
+        println!("DOWN panic {:?}", mb.recv().unwrap().reason);
+
+        // 3. corpse ⇒ recorded terminal reason, not NoProc.
+        let c = ask("spawn:corpse").pid.unwrap();
+        println!("DOWN corpse {:?}", monitor_remote(c).recv().unwrap().reason);
+
+        // 4. live but never shipped/exposed ⇒ NoProc (no leak); a made-up
+        //    slot on the same node ⇒ NoProc too, indistinguishably.
+        let ans = ask("spawn:unwatched");
+        let mut it = ans.text.strip_prefix("slot:").unwrap().split(':');
+        let (idx, gen): (u32, u32) = (
+            it.next().unwrap().parse().unwrap(),
+            it.next().unwrap().parse().unwrap(),
+        );
+        let hidden = RemotePid::<Erased>::from_parts("server", server_inc, idx, gen);
+        println!(
+            "DOWN hidden {:?}",
+            monitor_remote(hidden).recv().unwrap().reason
+        );
+        let bogus = RemotePid::<Erased>::from_parts("server", server_inc, 100_000, 1);
+        println!(
+            "DOWN bogus {:?}",
+            monitor_remote(bogus).recv().unwrap().reason
+        );
+
+        // 5. demonitor races the kill: no notice for `d1`, proven by order —
+        //    `d2`'s notice (same connection, later) arrives while `d1`'s
+        //    slot is still empty.
+        let d1 = ask("spawn:exit").pid.unwrap();
+        let m1 = monitor_remote(d1.clone());
+        demonitor_remote(&m1);
+        ask(&format!("kill:{}", d1.index()));
+        let d2 = ask("spawn:exit").pid.unwrap();
+        let m2 = monitor_remote(d2.clone());
+        ask(&format!("kill:{}", d2.index()));
+        assert_eq!(m2.recv().unwrap().reason, DownReason::Exit.into());
+        // Closed-empty (`Err`) or open-empty (`Ok(None)`) both mean no notice.
+        let stray = matches!(m1.try_recv(), Ok(Some(_)));
+        println!("DEMONITOR stray={stray}");
+
+        println!("CLIENT DONE");
+        loop {
+            smarm::sleep(Duration::from_secs(3600));
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+/// The server's incarnation as this node sees it — for building pids by hand.
+fn ev_incarnation() -> Incarnation {
+    smarm::cluster::membership::view()
+        .expect("manager up")
+        .into_iter()
+        .find(|i| i.name == "server")
+        .map(|i| i.incarnation)
+        .expect("server in view")
+}
+
+/// The Phase 4 c12 gate: remote monitors report the true reason, honour
+/// corpses, leak nothing for unshipped pids, and cancel cleanly.
+#[test]
+fn remote_monitors_report_true_reasons() {
+    maybe_child(ROLES);
+    let mut server = spawn_node("server", &[]);
+    let saddr = server.wait_listening();
+    server.wait_line("READY", |l| l == "READY");
+    let mut client = spawn_node("client", &[("SMARM_SERVER_ADDR", &saddr)]);
+    client.wait_line("DOWN exit Local(Exit)", |l| l == "DOWN exit Local(Exit)");
+    client.wait_line("DOWN panic Local(Panic)", |l| {
+        l == "DOWN panic Local(Panic)"
+    });
+    client.wait_line("DOWN corpse Local(Exit)", |l| {
+        l == "DOWN corpse Local(Exit)"
+    });
+    client.wait_line("DOWN hidden Local(NoProc)", |l| {
+        l == "DOWN hidden Local(NoProc)"
+    });
+    client.wait_line("DOWN bogus Local(NoProc)", |l| {
+        l == "DOWN bogus Local(NoProc)"
+    });
+    client.wait_line("DEMONITOR stray=false", |l| l == "DEMONITOR stray=false");
+    client.wait_line("CLIENT DONE", |l| l == "CLIENT DONE");
+}

tests/cluster_pg.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,254 @@
+//! RFC 010 c15 — distributed pg: sync on `NodeUp`, incremental
+//! `Join`/`Leave`, eager eviction announced, `NodeDown` sweep.
+//!
+//! Two nodes. The *origin* joins two local workers to `"pool"` before the
+//! *observer* connects (so the observer's view comes from `Sync`), exposes a
+//! `"go"` command inbox and then does exactly what the observer tells it:
+//! kill one worker, join a third, leave with the second. The observer drives
+//! that script through the cluster itself and asserts every step from
+//! `members_all` — never touching the group on its own side, except once to
+//! prove a mixed local+remote group reads correctly and that `members` stays
+//! local. `dispatch_any` is exercised both ways: into the origin's worker
+//! (remote pick, `send_to_remote`) and, once the origin is gone, into the
+//! observer's own (local pick, `send_to`). Finally the parent SIGKILLs the
+//! origin: the observer must sweep every remote member on `NodeDown`.
+#![cfg(feature = "cluster")]
+
+mod common;
+
+use common::{maybe_child, spawn_node};
+use smarm::cluster::envelope::NodeMeta;
+use smarm::cluster::expose::{expose, expose_type};
+use smarm::cluster::membership::{subscribe, NodeEvent};
+use smarm::cluster::remote::{self, RemoteName};
+use smarm::cluster::{
+    dispatch_any, members_all, pick_any, start, Config, DispatchAnyError, GroupMember, StaticSeeds,
+    Timing,
+};
+use smarm::{channel, join, leave, members, register, send_to, spawn_addr, Addressable, Name, Pid};
+use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
+
+const GO: Name<u8> = Name::new("go");
+const POOL: &str = "pool";
+
+/// A pool worker's message: `"die"` stops it, anything else is printed.
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
+struct Job(String);
+struct Worker;
+impl Addressable for Worker {
+    type Msg = Job;
+}
+impl serde::Serialize for Job {
+    fn serialize<S: serde::Serializer>(&self, s: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error> {
+        self.0.serialize(s)
+    }
+}
+impl<'de> serde::Deserialize<'de> for Job {
+    fn deserialize<D: serde::Deserializer<'de>>(d: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error> {
+        String::deserialize(d).map(Job)
+    }
+}
+
+const ROLES: &[(&str, fn())] = &[("origin", role_origin), ("observer", role_observer)];
+
+fn cfg(name: &str, seeds: Vec<(String, String)>) -> Config {
+    Config {
+        node_name: name.into(),
+        meta: NodeMeta {
+            role: "c15".into(),
+            region: "local".into(),
+        },
+        listen_addr: "127.0.0.1:0".into(),
+        strategy: Box::new(StaticSeeds::new(seeds)),
+        timing: Timing::default(),
+    }
+}
+
+/// A pool worker: prints every job it is handed, exits on `"die"`.
+fn worker() -> Pid<Worker> {
+    spawn_addr::<Worker>(|rx| {
+        while let Ok(Job(s)) = rx.recv() {
+            if s == "die" {
+                return;
+            }
+            println!("JOB {s}");
+        }
+    })
+}
+
+fn role_origin() {
+    smarm::run(|| {
+        let cluster = start(cfg("origin", vec![])).expect("binds");
+        // Remote dispatch lands here only for a type this node accepts.
+        expose_type::<Job>();
+        let w1 = worker();
+        let w2 = worker();
+        assert!(join(POOL, w1));
+        assert!(join(POOL, w2));
+        let (go_tx, go_rx) = channel::<u8>();
+        register(GO, go_tx).unwrap();
+        expose(GO);
+        println!("LISTENING {}", cluster.local_addr());
+        println!("JOINED 2");
+        loop {
+            match go_rx.recv().unwrap() {
+                1 => {
+                    send_to(w1, Job("die".into())).unwrap();
+                    println!("KILLED w1");
+                }
+                2 => {
+                    assert!(leave(POOL, w2));
+                    println!("LEFT w2");
+                }
+                3 => {
+                    let w3 = worker();
+                    assert!(join(POOL, w3));
+                    println!("JOINED w3");
+                }
+                n => panic!("unknown command {n}"),
+            }
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+fn remote_count(group: &str) -> usize {
+    members_all(group)
+        .iter()
+        .filter(|m| matches!(m, GroupMember::Remote(_)))
+        .count()
+}
+
+/// Cooperative poll until `pred`; panics (with the last view) on timeout.
+fn wait_view(what: &str, group: &str, pred: impl Fn(&[GroupMember]) -> bool) {
+    let deadline = Instant::now() + Duration::from_secs(5);
+    loop {
+        let v = members_all(group);
+        if pred(&v) {
+            return;
+        }
+        assert!(
+            Instant::now() < deadline,
+            "timed out waiting for {what}; view = {v:?}"
+        );
+        smarm::sleep(Duration::from_millis(5));
+    }
+}
+
+fn role_observer() {
+    let origin_addr = std::env::var("SMARM_ORIGIN_ADDR").expect("SMARM_ORIGIN_ADDR");
+    smarm::run(move || {
+        let _cluster = start(cfg("observer", vec![("origin".into(), origin_addr)])).expect("binds");
+        let ev = subscribe().unwrap();
+        loop {
+            match ev.rx.recv().unwrap() {
+                NodeEvent::NodeUp(i) if i.name == "origin" => break,
+                _ => {}
+            }
+        }
+        let go = |n: u8| remote::send(RemoteName::new("origin", GO), n).unwrap();
+
+        // Sync: both pre-existing members arrive with no join on this side.
+        wait_view("sync of 2 remote members", POOL, |v| {
+            v.len() == 2 && v.iter().all(|m| matches!(m, GroupMember::Remote(_)))
+        });
+        let synced = members_all(POOL);
+        assert!(synced.iter().all(|m| match m {
+            GroupMember::Remote(p) => p.node() == "origin",
+            GroupMember::Local(_) => false,
+        }));
+        println!("SEES 2");
+
+        // Origin-side death: the origin's reaper announces the leave.
+        go(1);
+        wait_view("death evicted on observer", POOL, |v| v.len() == 1);
+        println!("SEES 1 after death");
+
+        // Incremental Join.
+        go(3);
+        wait_view("incremental join", POOL, |v| v.len() == 2);
+        println!("SEES 2 after join");
+
+        // Voluntary Leave.
+        go(2);
+        wait_view("incremental leave", POOL, |v| v.len() == 1);
+        println!("SEES 1 after leave");
+
+        // Mixed group: our own member sits beside the remote one in
+        // `members_all`; `members` stays local-only.
+        let me = worker();
+        assert!(join(POOL, me));
+        wait_view("mixed local+remote", POOL, |v| {
+            v.len() == 2 && v.contains(&GroupMember::Local(me.erase()))
+        });
+        assert_eq!(
+            members(POOL),
+            vec![me.erase()],
+            "local API never shows remotes"
+        );
+        assert_eq!(remote_count(POOL), 1);
+        println!("MIXED ok");
+
+        // dispatch_any: the store's first entry is the origin's w3 (it was
+        // announced before we joined), so the pick is remote and the job
+        // crosses the wire — the origin's worker prints it.
+        let picked = pick_any(POOL).expect("pool has members");
+        assert!(
+            matches!(picked, GroupMember::Remote(_)),
+            "first entry is remote: {picked:?}"
+        );
+        let reached = dispatch_any::<Worker>(POOL, Job("from-observer".into())).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(reached, picked);
+        println!("DISPATCHED remote");
+
+        println!("PARK");
+        // Parent SIGKILLs the origin now: NodeDown must sweep its member,
+        // ours must survive.
+        wait_view("node_down sweep", POOL, |v| {
+            v == [GroupMember::Local(me.erase())]
+        });
+        assert_eq!(members(POOL), vec![me.erase()]);
+        println!("SWEPT");
+
+        // Now the only member is ours: a local pick, a local send.
+        let reached = dispatch_any::<Worker>(POOL, Job("local".into())).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(reached, GroupMember::Local(me.erase()));
+        // And an empty group hands the message back.
+        match dispatch_any::<Worker>("nobody", Job("lost".into())) {
+            Err(DispatchAnyError::NoMember(Job(s))) => assert_eq!(s, "lost"),
+            other => panic!("expected NoMember, got {other:?}"),
+        }
+        println!("DISPATCHED local");
+        loop {
+            smarm::sleep(Duration::from_secs(3600));
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+/// The Phase 5 gate: sync, join, leave, death, node_down — all observed from
+/// the peer, none of them a group operation on the peer — plus dispatch_any
+/// reaching a remote member and a local one.
+#[test]
+fn groups_span_two_nodes() {
+    maybe_child(ROLES);
+    let mut origin = spawn_node("origin", &[]);
+    let addr = origin.wait_listening();
+    origin.wait_line("JOINED 2", |l| l == "JOINED 2");
+    let mut observer = spawn_node("observer", &[("SMARM_ORIGIN_ADDR", &addr)]);
+    observer.wait_line("SEES 2", |l| l == "SEES 2");
+    origin.wait_line("KILLED w1", |l| l == "KILLED w1");
+    observer.wait_line("SEES 1 after death", |l| l == "SEES 1 after death");
+    origin.wait_line("JOINED w3", |l| l == "JOINED w3");
+    observer.wait_line("SEES 2 after join", |l| l == "SEES 2 after join");
+    origin.wait_line("LEFT w2", |l| l == "LEFT w2");
+    observer.wait_line("SEES 1 after leave", |l| l == "SEES 1 after leave");
+    observer.wait_line("MIXED ok", |l| l == "MIXED ok");
+    observer.wait_line("DISPATCHED remote", |l| l == "DISPATCHED remote");
+    origin.wait_line("JOB from-observer", |l| l == "JOB from-observer");
+    observer.wait_line("PARK", |l| l == "PARK");
+    origin.kill();
+    observer.wait_line("SWEPT", |l| l == "SWEPT");
+    // Order between the root's line and the worker's is scheduling; wait
+    // for the later one to be certain both happened.
+    observer.wait_line("DISPATCHED local", |l| l == "DISPATCHED local");
+    observer.wait_line("JOB local", |l| l == "JOB local");
+}

tests/cluster_pid_send.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,356 @@
+//! RFC 010 c10 — pid targeting + auto-serialization. The Phase 3 gate:
+//! cross-node call/reply with no ceremony, under the subprocess harness.
+//!
+//! Local suite (`run()`, no network): serialize/deserialize shapes,
+//! self-collapse, the outside-runtime contract, the local send-site
+//! incarnation check with a probe proving **no frame is emitted**.
+//!
+//! Cross-process: two nodes. The *server* exposes a `Name<Req>`; the
+//! *client* sends a `Req` carrying its own `Pid<Reply>` (auto-serialized to
+//! a `RemotePid` on the wire); the server replies via `send_to_remote`
+//! straight back to that pid — no name at the client end, no ceremony. A
+//! third-node roundtrip: the client's pid travels client→server→relay→
+//! server→client, and still delivers.
+#![cfg(feature = "cluster")]
+
+mod common;
+
+use common::{maybe_child, spawn_node};
+use smarm::cluster::envelope::{encode_payload, Frame, NodeMeta};
+use smarm::cluster::expose::{expose, type_hash};
+use smarm::cluster::membership::{subscribe, NodeEvent};
+use smarm::cluster::remote::{self, send_to_remote, RemoteName, RemotePid, ToRemoteError};
+use smarm::cluster::{start, Config, StaticSeeds, Timing};
+use smarm::pg::Incarnation;
+use smarm::{channel, install, register, run, Addressable, Name, Pid};
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+// ---- message types (std-only payloads; the crate's serde is derive-less,
+// so wire types are hand-rolled with serde's tuple/seq API via `serde::ser`
+// impls below — the same thing a user's derive would generate) ------------
+
+/// A request carrying a reply-to. Serialize/Deserialize are written by hand
+/// here for exactly one reason: this crate deliberately does not pull in
+/// serde-derive. Field 1 is the auto-serializing pid.
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
+struct Req {
+    text: String,
+    reply_to: RemotePid<Replier>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
+struct Reply(String);
+
+struct Replier;
+impl Addressable for Replier {
+    type Msg = Reply;
+}
+
+impl serde::Serialize for Req {
+    fn serialize<S: serde::Serializer>(&self, s: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error> {
+        use serde::ser::SerializeTuple;
+        let mut t = s.serialize_tuple(2)?;
+        t.serialize_element(&self.text)?;
+        t.serialize_element(&self.reply_to)?;
+        t.end()
+    }
+}
+impl<'de> serde::Deserialize<'de> for Req {
+    fn deserialize<D: serde::Deserializer<'de>>(d: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error> {
+        let (text, reply_to) = <(String, RemotePid<Replier>)>::deserialize(d)?;
+        Ok(Req { text, reply_to })
+    }
+}
+impl serde::Serialize for Reply {
+    fn serialize<S: serde::Serializer>(&self, s: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error> {
+        self.0.serialize(s)
+    }
+}
+impl<'de> serde::Deserialize<'de> for Reply {
+    fn deserialize<D: serde::Deserializer<'de>>(d: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error> {
+        String::deserialize(d).map(Reply)
+    }
+}
+
+// ================= local suite =========================================
+
+/// A local `Pid<A>` serializes as a `RemotePid<A>` stamped with this node's
+/// identity; deserializing it back on the same node collapses to the same
+/// local pid (`local()` is `Some`, `Pid` round-trips).
+#[test]
+fn local_pid_serializes_and_collapses_on_self() {
+    maybe_child(ROLES);
+    run(|| {
+        // The local identity is set by cluster::start; the local suite sets
+        // it directly.
+        remote::set_local_identity("me", Incarnation::new(7));
+        let (tx, _rx) = channel::<Reply>();
+        let me: Pid<Replier> = install::<Replier>(tx);
+
+        let bytes = encode_payload(&me).unwrap();
+        let rp: RemotePid<Replier> = smarm::cluster::envelope::decode_payload(&bytes).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(rp.node(), "me");
+        assert_eq!(rp.incarnation(), Incarnation::new(7));
+        assert_eq!(
+            rp.local(),
+            Some(me),
+            "self-node pid collapses to the local pid"
+        );
+
+        // Deserializing straight into Pid<A> works for a self-node pid...
+        let back: Pid<Replier> = smarm::cluster::envelope::decode_payload(&bytes).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(back, me);
+
+        // ...and FAILS for a foreign one (collapse is literal: node == self).
+        let foreign = RemotePid::<Replier>::from_parts("elsewhere", Incarnation::new(1), 3, 1);
+        let fbytes = encode_payload(&foreign).unwrap();
+        assert!(smarm::cluster::envelope::decode_payload::<Pid<Replier>>(&fbytes).is_err());
+        assert_eq!(foreign.local(), None);
+    });
+}
+
+/// `send_to_remote` short-circuits locally for a self-node pid — the
+/// zero-copy-equivalent collapse: the message object itself lands in the
+/// local channel, no encode, no frame.
+#[test]
+fn send_to_remote_collapses_locally_for_self() {
+    maybe_child(ROLES);
+    run(|| {
+        remote::set_local_identity("me", Incarnation::new(7));
+        let (tx, rx) = channel::<Reply>();
+        let me: Pid<Replier> = install::<Replier>(tx);
+        let rp = RemotePid::from_local(me).expect("identity set");
+        // Probe the outbound path: nothing must be handed to any connection.
+        let (probe_tx, probe_rx) = channel::<Frame>();
+        remote::bind_outbound_probe("me", Incarnation::new(7), probe_tx);
+
+        send_to_remote(rp, Reply("hi".into())).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(rx.recv().unwrap(), Reply("hi".into()));
+        assert!(
+            matches!(probe_rx.try_recv(), Ok(None)),
+            "no frame for a local collapse"
+        );
+    });
+}
+
+/// RFC v2 §3: a `RemotePid` whose incarnation is not the current one for its
+/// node fails at the local send site with `DeadIncarnation`, and NO frame
+/// is emitted — asserted on a probe sender bound as that node's outbound.
+#[test]
+fn stale_incarnation_rejected_locally_no_frame() {
+    maybe_child(ROLES);
+    run(|| {
+        remote::set_local_identity("me", Incarnation::new(7));
+        let (probe_tx, probe_rx) = channel::<Frame>();
+        remote::bind_outbound_probe("peer", Incarnation::new(5), probe_tx);
+
+        let stale = RemotePid::<Replier>::from_parts("peer", Incarnation::new(4), 9, 1);
+        match send_to_remote(stale, Reply("late".into())) {
+            Err(ToRemoteError::DeadIncarnation(Reply(s))) => assert_eq!(s, "late"),
+            other => panic!("expected DeadIncarnation, got {other:?}"),
+        }
+        assert!(
+            matches!(probe_rx.try_recv(), Ok(None)),
+            "stale pid must emit no frame"
+        );
+
+        // The current incarnation goes through: a Send frame with the pid's
+        // (index, generation) and Reply's hash lands on the probe.
+        let live = RemotePid::<Replier>::from_parts("peer", Incarnation::new(5), 9, 1);
+        send_to_remote(live, Reply("now".into())).unwrap();
+        match probe_rx.recv().unwrap() {
+            Frame::Send {
+                index,
+                generation,
+                type_hash: h,
+                payload,
+            } => {
+                assert_eq!((index, generation), (9, 1));
+                assert_eq!(h, type_hash::<Reply>());
+                let r: Reply = smarm::cluster::envelope::decode_payload(&payload).unwrap();
+                assert_eq!(r, Reply("now".into()));
+            }
+            f => panic!("expected Send, got {f:?}"),
+        }
+
+        // Unknown node: NotConnected, no frame anywhere.
+        let nowhere = RemotePid::<Replier>::from_parts("nowhere", Incarnation::new(1), 1, 1);
+        assert!(matches!(
+            send_to_remote(nowhere, Reply("x".into())),
+            Err(ToRemoteError::NotConnected(_))
+        ));
+    });
+}
+
+// ================= cross-process gate ==================================
+
+const ROLES: &[(&str, fn())] = &[
+    ("server", role_server),
+    ("client", role_client),
+    ("relay", role_relay),
+];
+
+const ECHO: Name<Req> = Name::new("c10.echo");
+const RELAY: Name<Req> = Name::new("c10.relay");
+
+fn cfg(name: &str, seeds: Vec<(String, String)>) -> Config {
+    Config {
+        node_name: name.to_string(),
+        meta: NodeMeta {
+            role: "c10".into(),
+            region: "local".into(),
+        },
+        listen_addr: std::env::var("SMARM_LISTEN_ADDR").unwrap_or_else(|_| "127.0.0.1:0".into()),
+        strategy: Box::new(StaticSeeds::new(seeds)),
+        timing: Timing::default(),
+    }
+}
+
+fn wait_up(events: &smarm::cluster::membership::MembershipEvents, who: &str) {
+    loop {
+        match events.rx.recv() {
+            Ok(NodeEvent::NodeUp(i)) if i.name == who => return,
+            Ok(_) => continue,
+            Err(_) => panic!("manager gone"),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Server: exposes ECHO; each Req is answered by `send_to_remote` to its
+/// reply_to — the server never learns a name for the client. If the Req text
+/// starts with "via-relay:", it forwards the whole Req (reply_to and all) to
+/// the relay node instead, which sends it back here; the second arrival is
+/// answered normally. That is the pid's third-node roundtrip.
+fn role_server() {
+    let relay_addr = std::env::var("SMARM_RELAY_ADDR").ok();
+    smarm::run(move || {
+        let seeds = relay_addr
+            .map(|a| vec![("relay".to_string(), a)])
+            .unwrap_or_default();
+        let cluster = start(cfg("server", seeds)).expect("binds");
+        println!("LISTENING {}", cluster.local_addr());
+        let (tx, rx) = channel::<Req>();
+        register(ECHO, tx).unwrap();
+        expose(ECHO);
+        println!("READY");
+        loop {
+            let req = rx.recv().unwrap();
+            if let Some(rest) = req.text.strip_prefix("via-relay:") {
+                let fwd = Req {
+                    text: format!("relayed:{rest}"),
+                    reply_to: req.reply_to,
+                };
+                remote::send(RemoteName::new("relay", RELAY), fwd).unwrap();
+                println!("FORWARDED");
+                continue;
+            }
+            println!("REQ {}", req.text);
+            send_to_remote(req.reply_to, Reply(format!("echo:{}", req.text))).unwrap();
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+/// Relay: exposes RELAY; bounces every Req straight back to the server's
+/// ECHO, untouched. The client's pid inside it now crosses relay→server.
+fn role_relay() {
+    let server_addr = std::env::var("SMARM_SERVER_ADDR").expect("SMARM_SERVER_ADDR");
+    smarm::run(move || {
+        let cluster = start(cfg("relay", vec![("server".into(), server_addr)])).expect("binds");
+        println!("LISTENING {}", cluster.local_addr());
+        let (tx, rx) = channel::<Req>();
+        register(RELAY, tx).unwrap();
+        expose(RELAY);
+        let ev = subscribe().unwrap();
+        wait_up(&ev, "server");
+        println!("READY");
+        loop {
+            let req = rx.recv().unwrap();
+            println!("RELAYING {}", req.text);
+            remote::send(RemoteName::new("server", ECHO), req).unwrap();
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+/// Client: connects to server, installs a Reply inbox on its own pid,
+/// declares it accepts `Reply` (`expose_type` — the RFC's one kept piece of
+/// ceremony: nothing is remotely deliverable by default), sends a Req with
+/// `reply_to = my pid` (auto-serialized), awaits the reply.
+fn role_client() {
+    let server_addr = std::env::var("SMARM_SERVER_ADDR").expect("SMARM_SERVER_ADDR");
+    let via_relay = std::env::var("SMARM_VIA_RELAY").is_ok();
+    smarm::run(move || {
+        let _cluster = start(cfg("client", vec![("server".into(), server_addr)])).expect("binds");
+        let ev = subscribe().unwrap();
+        wait_up(&ev, "server");
+        println!("MEMBER-UP server");
+
+        let (tx, rx) = channel::<Reply>();
+        let me: Pid<Replier> = install::<Replier>(tx);
+        // The one deliberate line: a pid-targeted inbound is deliverable only
+        // for types this node has said it accepts (RFC §4, the safety).
+        smarm::cluster::expose::expose_type::<Reply>();
+        let text = if via_relay { "via-relay:ping" } else { "ping" };
+        remote::send(
+            RemoteName::new("server", ECHO),
+            Req {
+                text: text.into(),
+                reply_to: RemotePid::from_local(me).expect("identity set"),
+            },
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        println!("SENT");
+        let Reply(s) = rx.recv().unwrap();
+        println!("REPLY {s}");
+        loop {
+            smarm::sleep(Duration::from_secs(3600));
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+/// The gate: cross-node call/reply with no ceremony.
+#[test]
+fn cross_node_call_reply_no_ceremony() {
+    maybe_child(ROLES);
+    let mut server = spawn_node("server", &[]);
+    let saddr = server.wait_listening();
+    server.wait_line("READY", |l| l == "READY");
+    let mut client = spawn_node("client", &[("SMARM_SERVER_ADDR", &saddr)]);
+    client.wait_line("SENT", |l| l == "SENT");
+    server.wait_line("REQ ping", |l| l == "REQ ping");
+    client.wait_line("REPLY echo:ping", |l| l == "REPLY echo:ping");
+}
+
+/// The client's pid, round-tripped through a third node, still delivers.
+#[test]
+fn pid_roundtrips_through_third_node() {
+    maybe_child(ROLES);
+    // Relay needs the server address; server needs the relay address —
+    // pre-reserve the relay port (same accepted micro-window as cluster_mesh).
+    let relay_addr = {
+        let l = std::net::TcpListener::bind("127.0.0.1:0").unwrap();
+        l.local_addr().unwrap().to_string()
+    };
+    let mut server = spawn_node("server", &[("SMARM_RELAY_ADDR", &relay_addr)]);
+    let saddr = server.wait_listening();
+    server.wait_line("READY", |l| l == "READY");
+    let mut relay = spawn_node(
+        "relay",
+        &[
+            ("SMARM_SERVER_ADDR", &saddr),
+            ("SMARM_LISTEN_ADDR", &relay_addr),
+        ],
+    );
+    let _ = relay.wait_listening();
+    relay.wait_line("READY", |l| l == "READY");
+    let mut client = spawn_node(
+        "client",
+        &[("SMARM_SERVER_ADDR", &saddr), ("SMARM_VIA_RELAY", "1")],
+    );
+    client.wait_line("SENT", |l| l == "SENT");
+    server.wait_line("FORWARDED", |l| l == "FORWARDED");
+    relay.wait_line("RELAYING", |l| l.starts_with("RELAYING"));
+    server.wait_line("REQ relayed:ping", |l| l == "REQ relayed:ping");
+    client.wait_line("REPLY echo:relayed:ping", |l| {
+        l == "REPLY echo:relayed:ping"
+    });
+}

tests/cluster_remote_send.rs

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ use smarm::cluster::envelope::NodeMeta;
 use smarm::cluster::expose::expose;
 use smarm::cluster::membership::{subscribe, NodeEvent};
 use smarm::cluster::remote::{send_remote_raw, RemoteName, RemoteSendError};
-use smarm::cluster::{start, Config, StaticSeeds};
+use smarm::cluster::{start, Config, StaticSeeds, Timing};
 use smarm::{channel, register, Name};
 use std::time::Duration;
 
@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ fn base_config(name: &str, seeds: Vec<(String, String)>) -> Config {
         },
         listen_addr: "127.0.0.1:0".to_string(),
         strategy: Box::new(StaticSeeds::new(seeds)),
+        timing: Timing::default(),
     }
 }
 

tests/pg.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 //! Process-group tests that run under the scheduler: `join` installs a real
-//! monitor on a live actor, and a real death drives eviction on next contact.
+//! monitor on a live actor, and a real death drives eviction (the reaper
+//! actor sweeps it; the read path hides it in the meantime).
 //! (Pure structural invariants live in the `pg` unit tests.)
 
 use smarm::{channel, members, pick, run, spawn};
@@ -35,19 +36,15 @@ fn a_dead_actor_vanishes_from_every_group_it_joined() {
         assert_eq!(members("g1"), vec![pid]);
         assert_eq!(members("g2"), vec![pid]);
 
-        // Release and reap the actor. finalize_actor queues the Down to our
+        // Release the actor. finalize_actor queues the Down to the reaper and
-        // monitors before unparking joiners, so by the time join() returns the
+        // marks the slot dead before unparking joiners, so by the time join()
-        // Down is already waiting in the membership channel.
+        // returns every read hides the pid whether or not the reaper has run.
         tx.send(()).unwrap();
         h.join().unwrap();
 
-        // Drain-on-contact: touching g1 detects the death and sweeps the pid
+        // Gone from every group it joined, not just one.
-        // out of every group (g2 included), not just g1.
+        assert!(members("g1").is_empty(), "gone from g1");
-        assert!(members("g1").is_empty(), "evicted from the touched group");
+        assert!(members("g2").is_empty(), "and from g2");
-        assert!(
-            members("g2").is_empty(),
-            "and swept from the untouched group"
-        );
         assert_eq!(pick("g1"), None);
     });
 }
@@ -86,11 +83,7 @@ fn live_members_survive_a_peers_death() {
         tx_a.send(()).unwrap();
         a.join().unwrap();
 
-        assert_eq!(
+        assert_eq!(members("svc"), vec![b.pid()], "only the dead peer is gone");
-            members("svc"),
-            vec![b.pid()],
-            "only the dead peer is reaped"
-        );
         assert_eq!(pick("svc"), Some(b.pid()));
 
         tx_b.send(()).unwrap();
@@ -123,18 +116,18 @@ fn leave_drops_a_membership_without_affecting_others() {
 }
 
 #[test]
-fn joining_an_already_dead_pid_is_evicted_on_next_contact() {
+fn joining_an_already_dead_pid_never_shows_in_a_read() {
     run(|| {
         let h = spawn(|| {});
         let pid = h.pid();
         h.join().unwrap(); // actor is finalized before we join it to anything
 
-        // monitor() on a gone pid queues a NoProc Down immediately, so the
+        // join() on a gone pid queues a NoProc Down to the reaper immediately;
-        // membership is reaped the next time the group is touched.
+        // reads never show it either way (slot-liveness backstop).
         join("late", pid);
         assert!(
             members("late").is_empty(),
-            "dead-at-join member is reaped on read"
+            "dead-at-join member never reads as live"
         );
         assert_eq!(pick("late"), None);
     });