feat(causal): wall-anchored timers — controller windows keep fixed wall length (RFC 007)

New timer anchor: insert_sleep_wall / scheduler::sleep_wall (exported) opt a
Sleep entry out of the RFC 007 virtual-time shift, so it fires at its raw
deadline regardless of injected delay. Featureless config is unchanged (the
API exists but is identical to sleep).

The causal controller's window/cooldown sleeps and the tsc_hz calibration
sleep use it on the actor path (the OS-thread path was already wall). This
fixes the controller's own sleeps dilating under its own injection —
experiment windows stretched ~2x at 50% speedup (337ms -> 646ms injected/
window). Deltas were rate-normalized so results were unbiased; this fixes
sweep cost, not bias. The general wall-anchored-timer-semantics jar item
(user-facing opt-out) remains open; this lands the substrate.

Test: wall_timer_ignores_injected_delay — wall entry fires at raw deadline
while a virtual sibling in the same heap shifts. 13/13 causal, 34/34
binaries both feature configs.

src/causal.rs

@@ -457,7 +457,12 @@ mod inner {
             if preempt::current_slot_ptr().is_null() {
                 std::thread::sleep(d);
             } else {
-                crate::scheduler::sleep(d);
+                // Wall-anchored: the controller's window/cooldown sleeps
+                // *define* the experiment's wall length; letting them chase
+                // the delay it is itself injecting would stretch every window
+                // (observed ~2x at 50% speedup). Deltas are rate-normalized
+                // either way — this fixes cost, not bias.
+                crate::scheduler::sleep_wall(d);
             }
         }
         // Calibrate before any window so report rendering never has to sleep.
@@ -527,7 +532,12 @@ mod inner {
             if preempt::current_slot_ptr().is_null() {
                 std::thread::sleep(d);
             } else {
-                crate::scheduler::sleep(d);
+                // Wall-anchored: calibration divides TSC delta by *wall*
+                // elapsed; a virtual sleep dilated by concurrent injection
+                // would still measure correctly (elapsed() is wall) but
+                // waste window time — and must never depend on the ledger
+                // it exists to convert.
+                crate::scheduler::sleep_wall(d);
             }
             (preempt::rdtsc().wrapping_sub(c0)) as f64 / t0.elapsed().as_secs_f64()
         })

src/lib.rs

@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ pub use registry::{
 };
 pub use runtime::{init, Config, Runtime};
 pub use scheduler::{
-    block_on_io, cancel_timer, request_stop, run, self_pid, send_after, send_after_named, sleep,
+    block_on_io, cancel_timer, request_stop, run, self_pid, send_after, send_after_named, sleep, sleep_wall,
     spawn, spawn_addr, spawn_under, wait_readable, wait_readable_timeout, wait_writable,
     wait_writable_timeout, yield_now, FdArm, JoinError, JoinHandle,
 };

src/scheduler.rs

@@ -403,6 +403,28 @@ pub fn sleep(duration: std::time::Duration) {
     park_current();
 }
 
+/// Like [`sleep`], but wall-anchored: under causal profiling (feature
+/// `smarm-causal`) the deadline is honoured in wall time instead of chasing
+/// injected virtual delay. Identical to [`sleep`] without the feature. For
+/// measurement machinery whose durations define wall time (the causal
+/// controller's windows, TSC calibration) — workload code wants [`sleep`].
+pub fn sleep_wall(duration: std::time::Duration) {
+    let me = match current_pid() {
+        Some(pid) => pid,
+        None => panic!("sleep_wall() called outside an actor"),
+    };
+    let _np = NoPreempt::enter();
+    let epoch = begin_wait();
+    let deadline = crate::timer::deadline_from_now(duration);
+    with_runtime(|inner| {
+        match inner.timers.lock() {
+            Ok(mut timers) => timers.insert_sleep_wall(deadline, me, epoch),
+            Err(e) => panic!("smarm: timers lock poisoned (core corrupt): {e}"),
+        }
+    });
+    park_current();
+}
+
 pub fn insert_wait_timer(
     deadline: std::time::Instant,
     pid: Pid,

src/timer.rs

@@ -108,6 +108,13 @@ pub struct Entry {
     /// workload instead of firing early in virtual terms.
     #[cfg(feature = "smarm-causal")]
     delay_stamp: u64,
+    /// RFC 007: a wall-anchored entry opts out of the virtual-time shift —
+    /// its deadline is honoured in wall time regardless of injected delay.
+    /// Used by the causal controller's own measurement/cooldown sleeps so
+    /// experiment windows keep a fixed wall length; ordinary workload timers
+    /// stay virtual (`false`).
+    #[cfg(feature = "smarm-causal")]
+    wall: bool,
 }
 
 impl PartialEq for Entry {
@@ -158,6 +165,19 @@ impl Timers {
         self.insert(deadline, pid, Reason::Sleep { epoch });
     }
 
+    /// Insert a *wall-anchored* `Sleep` timer: fires at `deadline` in wall
+    /// time even while causal profiling (feature `smarm-causal`) is injecting
+    /// virtual delay — it never chases the delay ledger. Without the feature
+    /// this is identical to [`insert_sleep`](Self::insert_sleep).
+    ///
+    /// Intended for measurement machinery (the causal controller's window and
+    /// cooldown sleeps, TSC calibration) whose durations *define* wall time
+    /// rather than participate in the workload. Workload code should use the
+    /// ordinary virtual-anchored timers.
+    pub fn insert_sleep_wall(&mut self, deadline: Instant, pid: Pid, epoch: u32) {
+        self.push(deadline, pid, Reason::Sleep { epoch }, true);
+    }
+
     /// Arm a cancellable `send_after` timer: run `fire` at `deadline` unless
     /// [`cancel`](Self::cancel)led first. `pid` is informational only (the
     /// destination, or who armed it — useful for introspection); it is *not*
@@ -169,18 +189,8 @@ impl Timers {
         pid: Pid,
         fire: Box<dyn FnOnce() + Send>,
     ) -> TimerId {
-        let seq = self.next_seq;
-        self.next_seq = self.next_seq.wrapping_add(1);
-        self.armed.insert(seq);
-        self.heap.push(Reverse(Entry {
-            deadline,
-            seq,
-            pid,
-            reason: Reason::Send { fire },
-            #[cfg(feature = "smarm-causal")]
-            delay_stamp: crate::causal::global_delay_cycles(),
-        }));
-        TimerId(seq)
+        self.armed.insert(self.next_seq);
+        TimerId(self.push(deadline, pid, Reason::Send { fire }, false))
     }
 
     /// Cancel an armed `send_after` timer. Returns `true` if the timer was
@@ -192,8 +202,18 @@ impl Timers {
         self.armed.remove(&id.0)
     }
 
-    /// Insert an arbitrary timer entry.
+    /// Insert an arbitrary (virtual-anchored) timer entry.
     pub fn insert(&mut self, deadline: Instant, pid: Pid, reason: Reason) {
+        self.push(deadline, pid, reason, false);
+    }
+
+    /// Common insertion path. `wall` selects the RFC 007 anchor (see
+    /// [`insert_sleep_wall`](Self::insert_sleep_wall)); it is accepted — and
+    /// ignored — without the `smarm-causal` feature so callers don't fork.
+    /// Returns the entry's `seq`.
+    fn push(&mut self, deadline: Instant, pid: Pid, reason: Reason, wall: bool) -> u64 {
+        #[cfg(not(feature = "smarm-causal"))]
+        let _ = wall;
         let seq = self.next_seq;
         self.next_seq = self.next_seq.wrapping_add(1);
         self.heap.push(Reverse(Entry {
@@ -203,7 +223,10 @@ impl Timers {
             reason,
             #[cfg(feature = "smarm-causal")]
             delay_stamp: crate::causal::global_delay_cycles(),
+            #[cfg(feature = "smarm-causal")]
+            wall,
         }));
+        seq
     }
 
     pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
@@ -239,7 +262,9 @@ impl Timers {
     /// [`peek_deadline`](Self::peek_deadline) may under-report (raw deadline
     /// earlier than effective), costing at most one spurious scheduler wake
     /// per injected chunk; and a shift never converts wall time — with zero
-    /// debt the path is byte-identical to the featureless one.
+    /// debt the path is byte-identical to the featureless one. Wall-anchored
+    /// entries ([`insert_sleep_wall`](Self::insert_sleep_wall)) are exempt
+    /// from the shift and always fire at their raw deadline.
     pub fn pop_due(&mut self, now: Instant) -> Vec<Entry> {
         let mut out = Vec::new();
         #[cfg(feature = "smarm-causal")]
@@ -260,7 +285,7 @@ impl Timers {
                 continue;
             }
             #[cfg(feature = "smarm-causal")]
-            {
+            if !entry.wall {
                 let debt = global.saturating_sub(entry.delay_stamp);
                 if debt > 0 {
                     let shifted = entry